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README.md
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README.md
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@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ composition and element sizes on fixed size pages without manual intervention
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is a hard problem that LaTeX is very capable of.
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## Example outputs
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The following documents are generated by [tests/test_rendering_example1_doc.py](tests/test_rendering_example1_doc.py):
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The following documents are generated by [tests/test_rendering_example_doc.py](tests/test_rendering_example_doc.py):
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- HTML: [test_html_render1.html](https://html-preview.github.io/?url=https://github.com/Nonannet/pyladoc/blob/main/tests/out/test_html_render1.html)
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- PDF: [test_latex_render1.pdf](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Nonannet/pyladoc/refs/heads/main/tests/out/test_latex_render1.pdf)
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- HTML: [test_html_render.html](https://html-preview.github.io/?url=https://github.com/Nonannet/pyladoc/blob/main/tests/out/test_html_render.html)
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- PDF: [test_latex_render.pdf](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Nonannet/pyladoc/refs/heads/main/tests/out/test_LaTeX_render.pdf)
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### Supported primitives
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### Sported primitives
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- Text (can be Markdown or HTML formatted)
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- Headings
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- Tables (Pandas, Markdown or HTML)
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- Matplotlib figures
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- LaTeX equations (Block or inline)
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- LaTeX equations
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- Named references for figures, tables and equation
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### Key Features
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@ -53,21 +53,12 @@ It is easy to use as the following example code shows:
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```python
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import pyladoc
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import pandas as pd
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doc = pyladoc.DocumentWriter()
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doc.add_markdown("""
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# Example
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This is inline LaTeX: $$\\lambda$$
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This is a LaTeX block with a number:
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$$
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\\label{eq:test1}
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\\lambda_{\text{mix}} = \\sum_{i=1}^{n} \\frac{x_i \\lambda_i}{\\sum_{j=1}^{n} x_j \\Phi_{ij}}
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$$
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This is an example table. The table @table:pandas_example shows some random data.
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This is an example. The @table:pandas_example shows some random data.
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""")
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some_data = {
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@ -76,10 +67,9 @@ some_data = {
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'Row3': ['12 g/km', '> 150 g/km', '110 g/km']
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}
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df = pd.DataFrame(some_data)
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doc.add_table(df, 'This is a pandas example table', 'pandas_example')
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dw.add_table(df, 'This is a pandas example table', 'pandas_example')
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html_code = doc.to_html()
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print(html_code)
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doc.to_pdf('test.pdf')
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```
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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[project]
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name = "pyladoc"
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version = "1.1.0"
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version = "1.0.0"
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authors = [
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{ name="Nicolas Kruse", email="nicolas.kruse@nonan.net" },
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]
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@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ classifiers = [
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"Operating System :: OS Independent",
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]
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dependencies = [
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"markdown>=3.3.0"
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"markdown>=3.3.0",
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"beautifulsoup4>=4.9.1"
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]
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[project.optional-dependencies]
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@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ where = ["src"]
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[tool.setuptools.package-data]
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pyladoc = ["templates/*"]
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[tool.mypy]
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files = ["src"]
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strict = true
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@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ import re
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import io
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from . import latex
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import pkgutil
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from html.parser import HTMLParser
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from io import StringIO
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HTML_OUTPUT = 0
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LATEX_OUTPUT = 1
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@ -54,8 +53,23 @@ def _get_pkgutil_string(path: str) -> str:
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def _markdown_to_html(text: str) -> str:
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prep_text = re.sub(r'\u00A0', ' ', text) # non-breaking space
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html_text = markdown.markdown(prep_text, extensions=['tables', 'fenced_code', 'def_list', 'abbr', 'sane_lists'])
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return html_text
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html = markdown.markdown(prep_text, extensions=['tables', 'fenced_code', 'def_list', 'abbr', 'sane_lists'])
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return html.replace('<hr />', '<hr>')
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def escape_html(text: str) -> str:
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"""
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Escapes special HTML characters in a given string.
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Args:
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text: The text to escape
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Returns:
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Escaped text save for inserting into HTML code
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"""
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ret = re.sub(r'\u00A0', ' ', text) # non-breaking space
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ret = html.escape(ret)
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return ' '.join(ret.strip().splitlines())
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def _clean_svg(svg_text: str) -> str:
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@ -126,21 +140,6 @@ def _save_figure(fig: Figure, buff: io.BytesIO, figure_format: FFormat, font_fam
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fig.set_size_inches(old_size, None, False)
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def escape_html(text: str) -> str:
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"""
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Escapes special HTML characters in a given string.
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Args:
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text: The text to escape
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Returns:
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Escaped text save for inserting into HTML code
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"""
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ret = re.sub(r'\u00A0', ' ', text) # non-breaking space
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ret = html.escape(ret)
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return ' '.join(ret.strip().splitlines())
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def figure_to_string(fig: Figure,
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figure_format: FFormat = 'svg',
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font_family: str | None = None,
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@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ def figure_to_string(fig: Figure,
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def latex_to_figure(latex_code: str) -> Figure:
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assert Figure, 'Matplotlib is required for rendering LaTeX expressions for HTML output.' # type:ignore[truthy-function]
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assert Figure, 'Matplotlib is required for rendering LaTex expressions for HTML output.' # type:ignore[truthy-function]
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fig, ax = plt.subplots()
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ax.set_xticks([])
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ax.set_yticks([])
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@ -285,9 +284,6 @@ class DocumentWriter():
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A class to create a document for exporting to HTML or LaTeX.
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"""
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def __init__(self) -> None:
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"""
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Initializes the DocumentWriter instance.
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"""
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self._doc: list[list[Callable[[], str]]] = []
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self._fields: dict[str, DocumentWriter] = dict()
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self._base64_svgs: bool = False
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|
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@ -306,105 +302,6 @@ class DocumentWriter():
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self._item_count[ref_type] = current_index
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return caption_prefix.format(current_index)
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def _equation_embedding_reescaping(self, text: str) -> str:
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"""
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Convert $$-escaping of LaTeX blocks and inline expressions
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to a HTML-style format: <latex>...</latex>.
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"""
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block_pattern = re.compile(
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r'(^|\n)\s*\$\$\s*\n' # start delimiter on a line on its own
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r'(?P<content>.*?)' # capture block content non-greedily
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r'\n\s*\$\$\s*(\n|$)', # end delimiter on a line on its own
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re.DOTALL | re.MULTILINE
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)
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def block_repl(match: re.Match[str]) -> str:
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content = match.group("content").strip()
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latex_label: str = ''
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label_pattern = re.compile(r'^\\label\{([^}]+)\}\s*\n?')
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label_match = label_pattern.match(content)
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if label_match:
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latex_label = label_match.group(1)
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# Remove the label command from the content.
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content = content[label_match.end():].lstrip()
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if latex_label and ':' in latex_label:
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parts = latex_label.split(':')
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ref_type = parts[0]
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ref_id = parts[1]
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caption = self._add_item(ref_id, ref_type, '({})')
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return (f'\n<latex type="block" ref_type="{ref_type}"'
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f' ref_id="{ref_id}" caption="{caption}">{content}</latex>\n')
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else:
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return f'\n<latex type="block">{content}</latex>\n'
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result = block_pattern.sub(block_repl, text)
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inline_pattern = re.compile(r'\$\$(.+?)\$\$')
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def inline_repl(match: re.Match[str]) -> str:
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content = match.group(1)
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return f'<latex>{content}</latex>'
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return inline_pattern.sub(inline_repl, result)
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def _get_equation_html(self, latex_equation: str, caption: str, block: bool = False) -> str:
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fig = latex_to_figure(latex_equation)
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if block:
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ret = ('<div class="equation-container">'
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||||
'<div class="equation">%s</div>'
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'<div class="equation-number">%s</div></div>') % (
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figure_to_string(fig, self._figure_format, base64=self._base64_svgs),
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||||
caption)
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||||
else:
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||||
ret = '<span class="inline-equation">' + figure_to_string(fig, self._figure_format, base64=self._base64_svgs) + '</span>'
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plt.close(fig)
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return ret
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||||
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||||
def _html_post_processing(self, html_code: str) -> str:
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||||
"""
|
||||
"""
|
||||
class HTMLPostProcessor(HTMLParser):
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def __init__(self, document_writer: 'DocumentWriter') -> None:
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super().__init__()
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self.modified_html = StringIO()
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||||
self.in_latex: bool = False
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self.eq_caption: str = ''
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self.block: bool = False
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||||
self.dw = document_writer
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||||
def handle_starttag(self, tag: str, attrs: list[tuple[str, str | None]]) -> None:
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if tag == 'hr':
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self.modified_html.write(f"<{tag}>")
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elif tag == 'latex':
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self.in_latex = True
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attr_dict = {k: v if v else '' for k, v in attrs}
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self.eq_caption = attr_dict.get('caption', '')
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self.block = attr_dict.get('type') == 'block'
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elif not self.in_latex:
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tag_text = self.get_starttag_text()
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if tag_text:
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self.modified_html.write(tag_text)
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||||
def handle_data(self, data: str) -> None:
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if self.in_latex:
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self.modified_html.write(
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self.dw._get_equation_html(data, self.eq_caption, self.block))
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else:
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self.modified_html.write(data)
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||||
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||||
def handle_endtag(self, tag: str) -> None:
|
||||
if tag == 'latex':
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self.in_latex = False
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else:
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self.modified_html.write(f"</{tag}>")
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parser = HTMLPostProcessor(self)
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parser.feed(html_code)
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return parser.modified_html.getvalue()
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def new_field(self, name: str) -> 'DocumentWriter':
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new_dwr = _create_document_writer()
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self._fields[name] = new_dwr
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|
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@ -416,28 +313,14 @@ class DocumentWriter():
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|||
def add_diagram(self, fig: Figure, caption: str = '', ref_id: str = '',
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prefix_pattern: str = 'Figure {}: ', ref_type: str = 'fig',
|
||||
centered: bool = True) -> None:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Adds a diagram to the document.
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
fig: The figure to add (matplotlib figure)
|
||||
caption: The caption for the figure
|
||||
ref_id: If provided, the figure can be referenced by this string
|
||||
prefix_pattern: A custom string for the caption prefix, {} will
|
||||
be replaced by the figure number
|
||||
ref_type: The type of reference. Each type (e.g., 'fig', 'table')
|
||||
has an individual numbering
|
||||
centered: Whether to center the figure in LaTeX output
|
||||
"""
|
||||
caption_prefix = self._add_item(ref_id, ref_type, prefix_pattern)
|
||||
|
||||
def render_to_html() -> str:
|
||||
caption_prefix = self._add_item(ref_id, ref_type, prefix_pattern)
|
||||
return '<div class="figure">%s%s</div>' % (
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figure_to_string(fig, self._figure_format, base64=self._base64_svgs, scale=self._fig_scale),
|
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'<br>' + caption_prefix + escape_html(caption) if caption else '')
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||||
|
||||
def render_to_latex() -> str:
|
||||
self._add_item(ref_id, ref_type, prefix_pattern)
|
||||
return '\\begin{figure}%s\n%s\n\\caption{%s}\n%s\\end{figure}' % (
|
||||
'\n\\centering' if centered else '',
|
||||
figure_to_string(fig, 'pgf', self._font_family, scale=self._fig_scale),
|
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|
|
@ -448,41 +331,26 @@ class DocumentWriter():
|
|||
|
||||
def add_table(self, table: Table, caption: str = '', ref_id: str = '',
|
||||
prefix_pattern: str = 'Table {}: ', ref_type: str = 'table', centered: bool = True) -> None:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Adds a table to the document.
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
table: The table to add (pandas DataFrame or Styler)
|
||||
caption: The caption for the table
|
||||
ref_id: If provided, the table can be referenced by this string
|
||||
prefix_pattern: A custom string for the caption prefix, {} will
|
||||
be replaced by the table number
|
||||
ref_type: The type of reference. Each type (e.g., 'fig', 'table')
|
||||
has an individual numbering
|
||||
centered: Whether to center the table in LaTeX output
|
||||
"""
|
||||
assert Table and isinstance(table, Table), 'Table has to be a pandas DataFrame oder DataFrame Styler'
|
||||
caption_prefix = self._add_item(ref_id, ref_type, prefix_pattern)
|
||||
styler = table if isinstance(table, Styler) else getattr(table, 'style', None)
|
||||
assert isinstance(styler, Styler), 'Jinja2 package is required for rendering tables'
|
||||
|
||||
def render_to_html() -> str:
|
||||
caption_prefix = self._add_item(ref_id, ref_type, prefix_pattern)
|
||||
html_string = styler.to_html(table_uuid=ref_id, caption=caption_prefix + escape_html(caption))
|
||||
return re.sub(r'<style.*?>.*?</style>', '', html_string, flags=re.DOTALL)
|
||||
|
||||
def render_to_latex() -> str:
|
||||
self._add_item(ref_id, ref_type, prefix_pattern)
|
||||
ref_label = latex.normalize_label_text(ref_type + ':' + ref_id)
|
||||
if self._table_renderer == 'pandas':
|
||||
return styler.to_latex(
|
||||
label=ref_label,
|
||||
label=latex.normalize_label_text(ref_type + ':' + ref_id),
|
||||
hrules=True,
|
||||
convert_css=True,
|
||||
siunitx=True,
|
||||
caption=latex.escape_text(caption),
|
||||
position_float='centering' if centered else None)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
return latex.render_pandas_styler_table(styler, caption, ref_label, centered)
|
||||
return latex.render_pandas_styler_table(styler, caption, ref_type + ':' + ref_id, centered)
|
||||
|
||||
self._doc.append([render_to_html, render_to_latex])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -579,14 +447,21 @@ class DocumentWriter():
|
|||
ref_id: If provided, the equation is displayed with
|
||||
a number and can be referenced by the ref_id
|
||||
"""
|
||||
caption = self._add_item(ref_id, ref_type, '({})')
|
||||
|
||||
def render_to_html() -> str:
|
||||
caption = self._add_item(ref_id, ref_type, '({})')
|
||||
return self._get_equation_html(latex_equation, caption)
|
||||
fig = latex_to_figure(latex_equation)
|
||||
return ('<div class="equation-container"><div class="equation">%s</div>'
|
||||
'<div class="equation-number">%s</div></div>') % (
|
||||
figure_to_string(fig, self._figure_format, base64=self._base64_svgs),
|
||||
caption)
|
||||
|
||||
def render_to_latex() -> str:
|
||||
self._add_item(ref_id, ref_type, '')
|
||||
return latex.get_equation_code(latex_equation, ref_type, ref_id)
|
||||
if ref_id:
|
||||
return '\\begin{equation}\\label{%s:%s}%s\\end{equation}' % (
|
||||
ref_type, ref_id, latex_equation)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
return '\\[%s\\]' % latex_equation
|
||||
|
||||
self._doc.append([render_to_html, render_to_latex])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -601,16 +476,14 @@ class DocumentWriter():
|
|||
norm_text = _normalize_text_indent(str(text))
|
||||
|
||||
def render_to_html() -> str:
|
||||
html = self._html_post_processing(_markdown_to_html(self._equation_embedding_reescaping(norm_text)))
|
||||
html = _markdown_to_html(norm_text)
|
||||
if section_class:
|
||||
return '<div class="' + section_class + '">' + html + '</div>'
|
||||
else:
|
||||
return html
|
||||
|
||||
def render_to_latex() -> str:
|
||||
html = _markdown_to_html(
|
||||
self._equation_embedding_reescaping(norm_text))
|
||||
return latex.from_html(html)
|
||||
return latex.from_html(render_to_html())
|
||||
|
||||
self._doc.append([render_to_html, render_to_latex])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -672,7 +545,7 @@ class DocumentWriter():
|
|||
If no path is provided a default template is used.
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
True if the PDF file was successfully created
|
||||
True if the PDF was successfully created
|
||||
"""
|
||||
latex_code = inject_to_template(self.to_latex(font_family, table_renderer),
|
||||
latex_template_path,
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
|
|||
import bs4
|
||||
from html.parser import HTMLParser
|
||||
from typing import Generator, Any
|
||||
from typing import Iterator, Generator, Any
|
||||
from pandas.io.formats.style import Styler
|
||||
import re
|
||||
import os
|
||||
|
|
@ -15,8 +16,8 @@ def basic_formatter(value: Any) -> str:
|
|||
|
||||
def to_ascii(text: str) -> str:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Replaces/escapes often used unicode characters in LaTeX code or text
|
||||
with its LaTeX ascii equivalents.
|
||||
Replaces/escapes often used unicode characters in latex code or text
|
||||
with its LaTex ascii equivalents.
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
text: The text to convert.
|
||||
|
|
@ -82,25 +83,6 @@ def escape_text(text: str) -> str:
|
|||
return ''.join(ret)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def get_equation_code(equation: str, ref_id: str, ref_type: str, block: bool = False) -> str:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Converts an equation string to LaTeX code.
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
equation: The LaTeX equation string.
|
||||
ref_id: The reference ID for the equation.
|
||||
ref_type: The type of reference (e.g., 'eq', 'fig', etc.).
|
||||
"""
|
||||
if block:
|
||||
if ref_id:
|
||||
return '\\begin{equation}\\label{%s:%s}%s\\end{equation}' % (
|
||||
normalize_label_text(ref_type), normalize_label_text(ref_id), equation)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
return '\\[%s\\]' % equation
|
||||
else:
|
||||
return '\\(%s\\)' % equation
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def render_pandas_styler_table(df_style: Styler, caption: str = '', label: str = '', centering: bool = True) -> str:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Converts a pandas Styler object to LaTeX table.
|
||||
|
|
@ -150,6 +132,63 @@ def render_pandas_styler_table(df_style: Styler, caption: str = '', label: str =
|
|||
return ''.join(str_list)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def from_html_old(html_code: str) -> str:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Converts HTML code to LaTeX code.
|
||||
|
||||
Args:
|
||||
html_code: The HTML code to convert.
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
The LaTeX code.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
root = bs4.BeautifulSoup(html_code, 'html.parser')
|
||||
|
||||
html_to_latex = {
|
||||
'strong': ('\\textbf{', '}'),
|
||||
'b': ('\\textbf{', '}'),
|
||||
'em': ('\\emph{', '}'),
|
||||
'i': ('\\emph{', '}'),
|
||||
'p': ('', '\n\n'),
|
||||
'h1': ('\\section{', '}'),
|
||||
'h2': ('\\subsection{', '}'),
|
||||
'h3': ('\\subsubsection{', '}'),
|
||||
'ul': ('\\begin{itemize}', '\\end{itemize}'),
|
||||
'ol': ('\\begin{enumerate}', '\\end{enumerate}'),
|
||||
'li': ('\\item ', ''),
|
||||
'latex_eq': ('\\[', '\\]'),
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
def handle_table(table: bs4.element.Tag) -> str:
|
||||
rows = table.find_all('tr')
|
||||
latex_table: str = ''
|
||||
for row in rows:
|
||||
assert isinstance(row, bs4.element.Tag), 'HTML table not valid'
|
||||
cells = row.find_all(['th', 'td'])
|
||||
if not latex_table:
|
||||
latex_table = "\\begin{tabular}{|" + "|".join(['l'] * len(cells)) + "|}\\toprule\n"
|
||||
else:
|
||||
latex_table += " & ".join(escape_text(cell.get_text(strip=True)) for cell in cells) + " \\\\\n"
|
||||
latex_table += "\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabular}"
|
||||
return latex_table
|
||||
|
||||
def parse_node(element: bs4.element.Tag) -> Iterator[str]:
|
||||
prefix, post = html_to_latex.get(element.name, ('', ''))
|
||||
yield prefix
|
||||
|
||||
for c in element.children:
|
||||
if isinstance(c, bs4.element.Tag):
|
||||
if c.name == 'table':
|
||||
yield handle_table(c)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
yield from parse_node(c)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
yield escape_text(c.text)
|
||||
yield post
|
||||
|
||||
return ''.join(parse_node(root))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def from_html(html_code: str) -> str:
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Converts HTML code to LaTeX code using HTMLParser.
|
||||
|
|
@ -182,11 +221,8 @@ def from_html(html_code: str) -> str:
|
|||
self.column_alignment = ''
|
||||
self.midrule_flag = False
|
||||
self.header_flag = False
|
||||
self.attr_dict: dict[str, str] = {}
|
||||
self.equation_flag = False
|
||||
|
||||
def handle_starttag(self, tag: str, attrs: list[tuple[str, str | None]]) -> None:
|
||||
self.attr_dict = {k: v if v else '' for k, v in attrs}
|
||||
if tag in html_to_latex:
|
||||
prefix, _ = html_to_latex[tag]
|
||||
self.latex_code.append(prefix)
|
||||
|
|
@ -198,18 +234,15 @@ def from_html(html_code: str) -> str:
|
|||
elif tag == 'tr':
|
||||
self.column_alignment = ''
|
||||
elif tag in ['th', 'td']:
|
||||
if 'right' in self.attr_dict.get('style', ''):
|
||||
style = [v for k, v in attrs if k == 'style']
|
||||
if style and style[0] and 'right' in style[0]:
|
||||
self.column_alignment += 'r'
|
||||
else:
|
||||
self.column_alignment += 'l'
|
||||
elif tag == 'a':
|
||||
href = self.attr_dict.get('href')
|
||||
href = [v for k, v in attrs if k == 'href']
|
||||
assert href, 'Link href attribute is missing'
|
||||
self.latex_code.append(f"\\href{{{href}}}{{")
|
||||
elif tag == 'hr':
|
||||
self.latex_code.append("\n\n\\noindent\\rule[0.5ex]{\\linewidth}{1pt}\n\n")
|
||||
elif tag == 'latex':
|
||||
self.equation_flag = True
|
||||
self.latex_code.append(f"\\href{{{href[0]}}}{{")
|
||||
|
||||
def handle_endtag(self, tag: str) -> None:
|
||||
if tag in html_to_latex:
|
||||
|
|
@ -233,16 +266,9 @@ def from_html(html_code: str) -> str:
|
|||
self.latex_code.append(" & ")
|
||||
elif tag == 'a':
|
||||
self.latex_code.append("}")
|
||||
elif tag == 'latex':
|
||||
self.equation_flag = False
|
||||
|
||||
def handle_data(self, data: str) -> None:
|
||||
if self.equation_flag:
|
||||
block = self.attr_dict.get('type') == 'block'
|
||||
ref_id = self.attr_dict.get('ref_id', '')
|
||||
ref_type = self.attr_dict.get('ref_type', 'eq')
|
||||
self.latex_code.append(get_equation_code(data, ref_id, ref_type, block))
|
||||
elif data.strip():
|
||||
if data.strip():
|
||||
self.latex_code.append(escape_text(data))
|
||||
|
||||
parser = LaTeXHTMLParser()
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -43,17 +43,13 @@
|
|||
text-align: center;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.equation svg {
|
||||
div svg {
|
||||
margin-left: -5%;
|
||||
max-width: 110%;
|
||||
height: auto;
|
||||
object-fit: contain;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.inline-equation svg {
|
||||
vertical-align: middle;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.equation-container {
|
||||
display: flex;
|
||||
justify-content: space-between;
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -43,17 +43,13 @@
|
|||
text-align: center;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.equation svg {
|
||||
div svg {
|
||||
margin-left: -5%;
|
||||
max-width: 110%;
|
||||
height: auto;
|
||||
object-fit: contain;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.inline-equation svg {
|
||||
vertical-align: middle;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.equation-container {
|
||||
display: flex;
|
||||
justify-content: space-between;
|
||||
|
|
@ -196,9 +192,9 @@
|
|||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
<hr></hr>
|
||||
<hr>
|
||||
<h1>Equations</h1>
|
||||
<p>This line represents a reference to the equation 1.</p><span class="inline-equation"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="102.120397pt" height="34.4322pt" viewBox="0 0 102.120397 34.4322" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
|
||||
<p>This line represents a reference to the equation 1.</p><div class="equation-container"><div class="equation"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="102.120397pt" height="34.4322pt" viewBox="0 0 102.120397 34.4322" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
|
||||
|
||||
<defs>
|
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<style type="text/css">*{stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-linecap: butt}</style>
|
||||
|
|
@ -474,7 +470,7 @@ z
|
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</g>
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||||
</g>
|
||||
</svg>
|
||||
</span><div class="figure"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="460.8pt" height="345.6pt" viewBox="0 0 460.8 345.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
|
||||
</div><div class="equation-number">(1)</div></div><div class="figure"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="460.8pt" height="345.6pt" viewBox="0 0 460.8 345.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1">
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||||
|
||||
<defs>
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<style type="text/css">*{stroke-linejoin: round; stroke-linecap: butt}</style>
|
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|
|
@ -503,7 +499,7 @@ L 142.181053 307.584
|
|||
L 142.181053 206.208
|
||||
L 73.832727 206.208
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||||
z
|
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" clip-path="url(#p8886bfdb0f)" style="fill: #d62728"/>
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" clip-path="url(#p69260dc8d6)" style="fill: #d62728"/>
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</g>
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<g id="patch_4">
|
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<path d="M 159.268134 307.584
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||||
|
|
@ -511,7 +507,7 @@ L 227.616459 307.584
|
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L 227.616459 54.144
|
||||
L 159.268134 54.144
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z
|
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" clip-path="url(#p8886bfdb0f)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
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" clip-path="url(#p69260dc8d6)" style="fill: #1f77b4"/>
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</g>
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<g id="patch_5">
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<path d="M 244.703541 307.584
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|
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@ -519,7 +515,7 @@ L 313.051866 307.584
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L 313.051866 231.552
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L 244.703541 231.552
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z
|
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" clip-path="url(#p8886bfdb0f)" style="fill: #d62728"/>
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" clip-path="url(#p69260dc8d6)" style="fill: #d62728"/>
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</g>
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<g id="patch_6">
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<path d="M 330.138947 307.584
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|
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@ -527,18 +523,18 @@ L 398.487273 307.584
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L 398.487273 168.192
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L 330.138947 168.192
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z
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" clip-path="url(#p8886bfdb0f)" style="fill: #ff7f0e"/>
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" clip-path="url(#p69260dc8d6)" style="fill: #ff7f0e"/>
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</g>
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<g id="matplotlib.axis_1">
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<g id="xtick_1">
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<g id="line2d_1">
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<defs>
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<path id="m5bc4660a75" d="M 0 0
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<path id="m0a989fc6c9" d="M 0 0
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L 0 3.5
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" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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</defs>
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<g>
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<use xlink:href="#m5bc4660a75" x="108.00689" y="307.584" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<use xlink:href="#m0a989fc6c9" x="108.00689" y="307.584" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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</g>
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</g>
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<g id="text_1">
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|
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@ -648,7 +644,7 @@ z
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<g id="xtick_2">
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<g id="line2d_2">
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<g>
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<use xlink:href="#m5bc4660a75" x="193.442297" y="307.584" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<use xlink:href="#m0a989fc6c9" x="193.442297" y="307.584" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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</g>
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</g>
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<g id="text_2">
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|
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@ -753,7 +749,7 @@ z
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<g id="xtick_3">
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<g id="line2d_3">
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<g>
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<use xlink:href="#m5bc4660a75" x="278.877703" y="307.584" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<use xlink:href="#m0a989fc6c9" x="278.877703" y="307.584" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<g id="text_3">
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@ -813,7 +809,7 @@ z
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<g id="xtick_4">
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<g id="line2d_4">
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<g>
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<use xlink:href="#m5bc4660a75" x="364.31311" y="307.584" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<use xlink:href="#m0a989fc6c9" x="364.31311" y="307.584" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<g id="text_4">
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@ -909,12 +905,12 @@ z
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<g id="ytick_1">
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<g id="line2d_5">
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<defs>
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<path id="mb5327dd54d" d="M 0 0
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<path id="m9bab964a69" d="M 0 0
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L -3.5 0
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" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<g>
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<use xlink:href="#mb5327dd54d" x="57.6" y="307.584" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<use xlink:href="#m9bab964a69" x="57.6" y="307.584" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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</g>
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<g id="text_5">
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|
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@ -950,7 +946,7 @@ z
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<g id="ytick_2">
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<g id="line2d_6">
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<g>
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<use xlink:href="#mb5327dd54d" x="57.6" y="256.896" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<use xlink:href="#m9bab964a69" x="57.6" y="256.896" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<g id="text_6">
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<g id="ytick_3">
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<g id="line2d_7">
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<use xlink:href="#mb5327dd54d" x="57.6" y="206.208" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<use xlink:href="#m9bab964a69" x="57.6" y="206.208" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<g id="text_7">
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<g id="ytick_4">
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<g id="line2d_8">
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<g>
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<use xlink:href="#mb5327dd54d" x="57.6" y="155.52" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<use xlink:href="#m9bab964a69" x="57.6" y="155.52" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<g id="text_8">
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<g id="ytick_5">
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<g id="line2d_9">
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<g>
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<use xlink:href="#mb5327dd54d" x="57.6" y="104.832" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<use xlink:href="#m9bab964a69" x="57.6" y="104.832" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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</g>
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<g id="text_9">
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@ -1126,7 +1122,7 @@ z
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<g id="ytick_6">
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<g id="line2d_10">
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<g>
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<use xlink:href="#mb5327dd54d" x="57.6" y="54.144" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<use xlink:href="#m9bab964a69" x="57.6" y="54.144" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 0.8"/>
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<g id="text_10">
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@ -1457,7 +1453,7 @@ z
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<clipPath id="p8886bfdb0f">
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<clipPath id="p69260dc8d6">
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File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
|
|
@ -1,613 +0,0 @@
|
|||
\section{Thermal Conductivity of Mixtures}
|
||||
The determination of the thermal conductivity of gas mixtures is a central aspect of modeling
|
||||
transport phenomena, particularly in high-temperature and high-pressure processes. Among the
|
||||
most established approaches is the empirical equation introduced by Wassiljewa, which was
|
||||
subsequently refined by Mason and Saxena to improve its applicability to multicomponent systems.
|
||||
This model offers a reliable means of estimating the thermal conductivity of gas mixtures based
|
||||
on the properties of the pure components and their molar interactions.
|
||||
|
||||
The thermal conductivity of a gas mixture, denoted by \(\lambda_{\text{mix}}\), can expressed as
|
||||
shown in equation \ref{eq:lambda-mixture}.
|
||||
\begin{equation}\label{eq:lambda-mixture}\lambda_{ ext{mix}} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{x_i \lambda_i}{\sum_{j=1}^{n} x_j \Phi_{ij}}\end{equation}
|
||||
In this equation, \(x_i\) represents the molar fraction of component \(i\) within the mixture,
|
||||
while \(\lambda_i\) denotes the thermal conductivity of the pure substance \(i\). The denominator
|
||||
contains the interaction parameter \(\Phi_{ij}\), which describes the influence of component
|
||||
\(j\) on the transport properties of component \(i\).
|
||||
|
||||
The interaction parameter \(\Phi_{ij}\) is given by the relation shown in equation \ref{eq:interaction-parameter}.
|
||||
\begin{equation}\label{eq:interaction-parameter}\Phi_{ij} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{8}} \left(1 + \frac{M_i}{M_j} \right)^{-1/2} \left[ 1 + \left( \frac{\lambda_i}{\lambda_j} \right)^{1/2} \left( \frac{M_j}{M_i} \right)^{1/4} \right]^2\end{equation}
|
||||
Here, \(M_i\) and \(M_j\) are the molar masses of the components \(i\) and \(j\), respectively.
|
||||
Molar masses and thermal conductivity of the pure substances are listed in table \ref{table:gas-probs}.
|
||||
The structure of this expression illustrates the nonlinear dependence of the interaction term on
|
||||
both the molar mass ratio and the square root of the conductivity ratio of the involved species.
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{table}
|
||||
\centering
|
||||
\caption{Properties of some gases}
|
||||
\label{table:gas-probs}
|
||||
\begin{tabular}{lSS}
|
||||
\toprule
|
||||
\text{Gas} & \text{Molar mass in g/mol} & \text{Thermal conductivity in W/m/K} \\
|
||||
\midrule
|
||||
H2 & 2.016 & 0.1805 \\
|
||||
O2 & 32.00 & 0.0263 \\
|
||||
N2 & 28.02 & 0.0258 \\
|
||||
CO2 & 44.01 & 0.0166 \\
|
||||
CH4 & 16.04 & 0.0341 \\
|
||||
Ar & 39.95 & 0.0177 \\
|
||||
He & 4.0026 & 0.1513 \\
|
||||
\bottomrule
|
||||
\end{tabular}
|
||||
\end{table}This formulation acknowledges that the transport properties of a gas mixture are not a simple
|
||||
linear combination of the individual conductivities. Rather, they are governed by intermolecular
|
||||
interactions, which affect the energy exchange and diffusion behavior of each component. These
|
||||
interactions are particularly significant at elevated pressures or in cases where the gas components
|
||||
exhibit widely differing molecular masses or transport properties.
|
||||
|
||||
The equation proposed by Wassiljewa and refined by Mason and Saxena assumes that binary interactions
|
||||
dominate the behavior of the mixture, while higher-order (three-body or more) interactions are
|
||||
neglected. It also presumes that the gases approximate ideal behavior, although in practical
|
||||
applications, moderate deviations from ideality are tolerated without significant loss of accuracy.
|
||||
In figure \ref{fig:mixture} the resulting thermal conductivity of an H2/CO2-mixture is shown.
|
||||
|
||||
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\makeatother%
|
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\endgroup%
|
||||
|
||||
\caption{Thermal Conductivity of H2/CO2 mixtures}
|
||||
\label{fig:mixture}
|
||||
\end{figure}In engineering practice, the accurate determination of \(\lambda_{\text{mix}}\) is essential
|
||||
for the prediction of heat transfer in systems such as membrane modules, chemical reactors, and
|
||||
combustion chambers. In the context of membrane-based gas separation, for instance, the thermal
|
||||
conductivity of the gas mixture influences the local temperature distribution, which in turn affects
|
||||
both the permeation behavior and the structural stability of the membrane.
|
||||
|
||||
It is important to note that the calculated mixture conductivity reflects only the gas phase
|
||||
behavior. In porous systems such as carbon membranes, additional effects must be considered.
|
||||
These include the solid-phase thermal conduction through the membrane matrix, radiative transport
|
||||
in pore channels at high temperatures, and transport in the Knudsen regime for narrow pores.
|
||||
To account for these complexities, models based on effective medium theory, such as those of
|
||||
Maxwell-Eucken or Bruggeman, are frequently employed. These models combine the conductivities of
|
||||
individual phases (gas and solid) with geometrical factors that reflect the morphology of the
|
||||
porous structure.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\noindent\rule[0.5ex]{\linewidth}{1pt}
|
||||
|
||||
Expanded by more or less sensible AI jabbering; based on: \href{https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-7390}{doi:10.14279/depositonce-7390}
|
||||
|
||||
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
|
|||
<p>Umlaute: ÖÄÜ öäü</p>
|
||||
<p>Other: ß, €, @, $, %, ~, µ</p>
|
||||
<p>Units: m³, cm²</p>
|
||||
<p>Controll characters: <, >, ", ', &, |, /, \</p>
|
||||
<p>Controll characters: <, >, ", ', &, |, /, \</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
unconditional branch instruction—often simply called the
|
||||
“B” instruction—and how its 26‐bit immediate field (imm26)
|
||||
is laid out and later relocated during linking.</p>
|
||||
<hr></hr>
|
||||
<hr>
|
||||
<h2>Instruction Layout</h2>
|
||||
<p>The unconditional branch in AArch64 is encoded in a 32‑bit
|
||||
instruction. Its layout is as follows:</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -40,5 +40,5 @@ the full register width (typically 64 bits).</li>
|
|||
</li>
|
||||
<li>With a 26‑bit signed field that’s effectively 28 bits
|
||||
after the shift, the branch can cover a range
|
||||
of approximately ±128 MB from the current instruction.</li>
|
||||
of approximately ±128 MB from the current instruction.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
|
|||
import pyladoc
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_latex_embedding2():
|
||||
test_input = pyladoc._normalize_text_indent("""
|
||||
In this equation, $$x_i$$ represents the molar fraction of component $$i$$ within the mixture,
|
||||
while $$\\lambda_i$$ denotes the thermal conductivity of the pure substance $$i$$. The denominator
|
||||
contains the interaction parameter $$\\Phi_{ij}$$, which describes the influence of component
|
||||
$$j$$ on the transport properties of component $$i$$.
|
||||
|
||||
The interaction parameter $$\\Phi_{ij}$$ is given by the relation shown in @eq:ExampleFormula2.
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\\label{eq:ExampleFormula2}
|
||||
\\Phi_{ij} = \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{8}} \\left(1 + \\frac{M_i}{M_j} \\right)^{-1/2} \\left[ 1 + \\left( \\frac{\\lambda_i}{\\lambda_j} \\right)^{1/2} \\left( \\frac{M_j}{M_i} \\right)^{1/4} \\right]^2
|
||||
$$
|
||||
""")
|
||||
|
||||
expected_output = pyladoc._normalize_text_indent(r"""
|
||||
In this equation, <latex>x_i</latex> represents the molar fraction of component <latex>i</latex> within the mixture,
|
||||
while <latex>\lambda_i</latex> denotes the thermal conductivity of the pure substance <latex>i</latex>. The denominator
|
||||
contains the interaction parameter <latex>\Phi_{ij}</latex>, which describes the influence of component
|
||||
<latex>j</latex> on the transport properties of component <latex>i</latex>.
|
||||
|
||||
The interaction parameter <latex>\Phi_{ij}</latex> is given by the relation shown in @eq:ExampleFormula2.
|
||||
<latex type="block" ref_type="eq" ref_id="ExampleFormula2" caption="(1)">\Phi_{ij} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{8}} \left(1 + \frac{M_i}{M_j} \right)^{-1/2} \left[ 1 + \left( \frac{\lambda_i}{\lambda_j} \right)^{1/2} \left( \frac{M_j}{M_i} \right)^{1/4} \right]^2</latex>
|
||||
""")
|
||||
|
||||
dummy = pyladoc.DocumentWriter()
|
||||
result_string = dummy._equation_embedding_reescaping(test_input)
|
||||
|
||||
print(result_string)
|
||||
assert result_string == expected_output
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_latex_embedding():
|
||||
test_input = pyladoc._normalize_text_indent(r"""
|
||||
# Test
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\label{eq:ExampleFormula2}
|
||||
\Phi_{ij} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{8}}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
This $$i$$ is inline LaTeX.
|
||||
""")
|
||||
|
||||
expected_output = pyladoc._normalize_text_indent(r"""
|
||||
# Test
|
||||
<latex type="block" ref_type="eq" ref_id="ExampleFormula2" caption="(1)">\Phi_{ij} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{8}}</latex>
|
||||
This <latex>i</latex> is inline LaTeX.
|
||||
""")
|
||||
|
||||
dummy = pyladoc.DocumentWriter()
|
||||
result_string = dummy._equation_embedding_reescaping(test_input)
|
||||
|
||||
print(result_string)
|
||||
assert result_string == expected_output
|
||||
|
||||
final_html = dummy._html_post_processing(pyladoc._markdown_to_html(result_string))
|
||||
print('-- final_html --')
|
||||
print(final_html)
|
||||
|
||||
assert '<h1>' in final_html and '<svg ' in final_html and '<div class="equation-number">' in final_html
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
|
|||
import pyladoc
|
||||
import pandas as pd
|
||||
|
||||
def test_readme_example():
|
||||
doc = pyladoc.DocumentWriter()
|
||||
|
||||
doc.add_markdown("""
|
||||
# Example
|
||||
This is inline LaTeX: $$\\lambda$$
|
||||
|
||||
This is a LaTeX block with a number:
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\\label{eq:test1}
|
||||
\\lambda_{\text{mix}} = \\sum_{i=1}^{n} \\frac{x_i \\lambda_i}{\\sum_{j=1}^{n} x_j \\Phi_{ij}}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
This is an example table. The table @table:pandas_example shows some random data.
|
||||
""")
|
||||
|
||||
some_data = {
|
||||
'Row1': ["Line1", "Line2", "Line3"],
|
||||
'Row2': [120, 100, 110],
|
||||
'Row3': ['12 g/km', '> 150 g/km', '110 g/km']
|
||||
}
|
||||
df = pd.DataFrame(some_data)
|
||||
doc.add_table(df, 'This is a pandas example table', 'pandas_example')
|
||||
|
||||
html_code = doc.to_html()
|
||||
print(html_code)
|
||||
|
||||
assert '<table' in html_code
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
|
|||
import pyladoc
|
||||
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
|
||||
import pandas as pd
|
||||
import document_validation
|
||||
import numpy as np
|
||||
|
||||
VALIDATE_HTML_CODE_ONLINE = False
|
||||
WRITE_RESULT_FILES = True
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def mason_saxena_k_mixture(x_h2):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
Calculate the thermal conductivity of a H2/CO2 gas mixture using the Mason and Saxena mixing rule.
|
||||
|
||||
The mixture thermal conductivity is computed as:
|
||||
k_mix = Σ_i [ X_i * k_i / (Σ_j X_j * φ_ij) ]
|
||||
with:
|
||||
φ_ij = 1/√8 * (1 + M_i/M_j)^(-0.5) * [ 1 + ( (k_i/k_j)**0.5 * (M_j/M_i)**0.25 ) ]^2
|
||||
|
||||
Parameters:
|
||||
x_h2 (float or array-like): Mole fraction of H2 (from 0 to 1). The CO2 mole fraction is 1 - x_h2.
|
||||
|
||||
Returns:
|
||||
float or array-like: Thermal conductivity of the mixture in W/m·K.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
# Pure gas properties (at room temperature, approx.)
|
||||
k_h2 = 0.1805 # Thermal conductivity of H2 in W/mK
|
||||
k_co2 = 0.0166 # Thermal conductivity of CO2 in W/mK
|
||||
|
||||
M_h2 = 2.016 # Molar mass of H2 in g/mol
|
||||
M_co2 = 44.01 # Molar mass of CO2 in g/mol
|
||||
|
||||
# Define the phi_ij function according to Mason and Saxena.
|
||||
def phi(k_i, k_j, M_i, M_j):
|
||||
return (1 / np.sqrt(8)) * (1 + M_i / M_j) ** (-0.5) * (1 + ((k_i / k_j) ** 0.5 * (M_j / M_i) ** 0.25))**2
|
||||
|
||||
# Compute phi terms for the two species.
|
||||
# For i = j the phi terms should be 1.
|
||||
phi_h2_h2 = phi(k_h2, k_h2, M_h2, M_h2) # Should be 1
|
||||
phi_h2_co2 = phi(k_h2, k_co2, M_h2, M_co2)
|
||||
phi_co2_h2 = phi(k_co2, k_h2, M_co2, M_h2)
|
||||
phi_co2_co2 = phi(k_co2, k_co2, M_co2, M_co2) # Should be 1
|
||||
|
||||
# Ensure we can perform vectorized operations.
|
||||
x_h2 = np.array(x_h2)
|
||||
x_co2 = 1 - x_h2
|
||||
|
||||
# Use the Mason-Saxena mixing rule:
|
||||
# k_mix = X_H2 * k_H2 / (X_H2*φ_H2_H2 + X_CO2*φ_H2_CO2) +
|
||||
# X_CO2 * k_CO2 / (X_CO2*φ_CO2_CO2 + X_H2*φ_CO2_H2)
|
||||
k_mix = (x_h2 * k_h2 / (x_h2 * phi_h2_h2 + x_co2 * phi_h2_co2)) + \
|
||||
(x_co2 * k_co2 / (x_co2 * phi_co2_co2 + x_h2 * phi_co2_h2))
|
||||
|
||||
return k_mix
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def make_document():
|
||||
doc = pyladoc.DocumentWriter()
|
||||
|
||||
doc.add_markdown("""
|
||||
# Thermal Conductivity of Mixtures
|
||||
|
||||
The determination of the thermal conductivity of gas mixtures is a central aspect of modeling
|
||||
transport phenomena, particularly in high-temperature and high-pressure processes. Among the
|
||||
most established approaches is the empirical equation introduced by Wassiljewa, which was
|
||||
subsequently refined by Mason and Saxena to improve its applicability to multicomponent systems.
|
||||
This model offers a reliable means of estimating the thermal conductivity of gas mixtures based
|
||||
on the properties of the pure components and their molar interactions.
|
||||
|
||||
The thermal conductivity of a gas mixture, denoted by $$\\lambda_{\\text{mix}}$$, can expressed as
|
||||
shown in equation @eq:lambda_mixture.
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\\label{eq:lambda_mixture}
|
||||
\\lambda_{\text{mix}} = \\sum_{i=1}^{n} \\frac{x_i \\lambda_i}{\\sum_{j=1}^{n} x_j \\Phi_{ij}}
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
In this equation, $$x_i$$ represents the molar fraction of component $$i$$ within the mixture,
|
||||
while $$\\lambda_i$$ denotes the thermal conductivity of the pure substance $$i$$. The denominator
|
||||
contains the interaction parameter $$\\Phi_{ij}$$, which describes the influence of component
|
||||
$$j$$ on the transport properties of component $$i$$.
|
||||
|
||||
The interaction parameter $$\\Phi_{ij}$$ is given by the relation shown in equation @eq:interaction_parameter.
|
||||
|
||||
$$
|
||||
\\label{eq:interaction_parameter}
|
||||
\\Phi_{ij} = \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{8}} \\left(1 + \\frac{M_i}{M_j} \\right)^{-1/2} \\left[ 1 + \\left( \\frac{\\lambda_i}{\\lambda_j} \\right)^{1/2} \\left( \\frac{M_j}{M_i} \\right)^{1/4} \\right]^2
|
||||
$$
|
||||
|
||||
Here, $$M_i$$ and $$M_j$$ are the molar masses of the components $$i$$ and $$j$$, respectively.
|
||||
Molar masses and thermal conductivity of the pure substances are listed in table @table:gas_probs.
|
||||
The structure of this expression illustrates the nonlinear dependence of the interaction term on
|
||||
both the molar mass ratio and the square root of the conductivity ratio of the involved species.
|
||||
""")
|
||||
|
||||
# Table
|
||||
data = {
|
||||
"Gas": ["H2", "O2", "N2", "CO2", "CH4", "Ar", "He"],
|
||||
"Molar mass in g/mol": ["2.016", "32.00", "28.02", "44.01", "16.04", "39.95", "4.0026"],
|
||||
"Thermal conductivity in W/m/K": ["0.1805", "0.0263", "0.0258", "0.0166", "0.0341", "0.0177", "0.1513"]
|
||||
}
|
||||
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
|
||||
doc.add_table(df.style.hide(axis="index"), 'Properties of some gases', 'gas_probs')
|
||||
|
||||
doc.add_markdown("""
|
||||
This formulation acknowledges that the transport properties of a gas mixture are not a simple
|
||||
linear combination of the individual conductivities. Rather, they are governed by intermolecular
|
||||
interactions, which affect the energy exchange and diffusion behavior of each component. These
|
||||
interactions are particularly significant at elevated pressures or in cases where the gas components
|
||||
exhibit widely differing molecular masses or transport properties.
|
||||
|
||||
The equation proposed by Wassiljewa and refined by Mason and Saxena assumes that binary interactions
|
||||
dominate the behavior of the mixture, while higher-order (three-body or more) interactions are
|
||||
neglected. It also presumes that the gases approximate ideal behavior, although in practical
|
||||
applications, moderate deviations from ideality are tolerated without significant loss of accuracy.
|
||||
In figure @fig:mixture the resulting thermal conductivity of an H2/CO2-mixture is shown.""")
|
||||
|
||||
# Figure
|
||||
x_h2_values = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)
|
||||
k_mixture_values = mason_saxena_k_mixture(x_h2_values)
|
||||
|
||||
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
|
||||
ax.set_xlabel("H2 molar fraction / %")
|
||||
ax.set_ylabel("Thermal Conductivity / (W/m·K)")
|
||||
ax.plot(x_h2_values * 100, k_mixture_values, color='black')
|
||||
|
||||
doc.add_diagram(fig, 'Thermal Conductivity of H2/CO2 mixtures', 'mixture')
|
||||
|
||||
doc.add_markdown("""
|
||||
In engineering practice, the accurate determination of $$\\lambda_{\\text{mix}}$$ is essential
|
||||
for the prediction of heat transfer in systems such as membrane modules, chemical reactors, and
|
||||
combustion chambers. In the context of membrane-based gas separation, for instance, the thermal
|
||||
conductivity of the gas mixture influences the local temperature distribution, which in turn affects
|
||||
both the permeation behavior and the structural stability of the membrane.
|
||||
|
||||
It is important to note that the calculated mixture conductivity reflects only the gas phase
|
||||
behavior. In porous systems such as carbon membranes, additional effects must be considered.
|
||||
These include the solid-phase thermal conduction through the membrane matrix, radiative transport
|
||||
in pore channels at high temperatures, and transport in the Knudsen regime for narrow pores.
|
||||
To account for these complexities, models based on effective medium theory, such as those of
|
||||
Maxwell-Eucken or Bruggeman, are frequently employed. These models combine the conductivities of
|
||||
individual phases (gas and solid) with geometrical factors that reflect the morphology of the
|
||||
porous structure.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Expanded by more or less sensible AI jabbering; based on: [doi:10.14279/depositonce-7390](https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-7390)
|
||||
""")
|
||||
|
||||
return doc
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_html_render():
|
||||
doc = make_document()
|
||||
html_code = doc.to_html()
|
||||
|
||||
document_validation.validate_html(html_code, VALIDATE_HTML_CODE_ONLINE)
|
||||
|
||||
if WRITE_RESULT_FILES:
|
||||
with open('tests/out/test_html_render1.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
f.write(pyladoc.inject_to_template(html_code, internal_template='templates/test_template.html'))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_latex_render():
|
||||
doc = make_document()
|
||||
|
||||
if WRITE_RESULT_FILES:
|
||||
with open('tests/out/test_html_render1.tex', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
f.write(doc.to_latex())
|
||||
|
||||
assert doc.to_pdf('tests/out/test_latex_render1.pdf', font_family='serif')
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
||||
test_html_render()
|
||||
test_latex_render()
|
||||
|
|
@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ WRITE_RESULT_FILES = True
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
def make_document():
|
||||
doc = pyladoc.DocumentWriter()
|
||||
dw = pyladoc.DocumentWriter()
|
||||
|
||||
doc.add_markdown("""
|
||||
dw.add_markdown("""
|
||||
# Special characters
|
||||
|
||||
ö ä ü Ö Ä Ü ß @ ∆
|
||||
|
|
@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def make_document():
|
|||
This line represents a reference to the equation @eq:test1.
|
||||
""")
|
||||
|
||||
doc.add_equation(r'y = a + b * \sum_{i=0}^{\infty} a_i x^i', 'test1')
|
||||
dw.add_equation(r'y = a + b * \sum_{i=0}^{\infty} a_i x^i', 'test1')
|
||||
|
||||
# Figure
|
||||
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
|
||||
|
|
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def make_document():
|
|||
ax.set_title('Fruit supply by kind and color')
|
||||
ax.legend(title='Fruit color')
|
||||
|
||||
doc.add_diagram(fig, 'Bar chart with individual bar colors')
|
||||
dw.add_diagram(fig, 'Bar chart with individual bar colors')
|
||||
|
||||
# Table
|
||||
mydataset = {
|
||||
|
|
@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ def make_document():
|
|||
}
|
||||
df = pd.DataFrame(mydataset)
|
||||
|
||||
doc.add_table(df.style.hide(axis="index"), 'This is a example table', 'example1')
|
||||
dw.add_table(df.style.hide(axis="index"), 'This is a example table', 'example1')
|
||||
|
||||
return doc
|
||||
return dw
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_html_render():
|
||||
|
|
@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def test_html_render():
|
|||
document_validation.validate_html(html_code, VALIDATE_HTML_CODE_ONLINE)
|
||||
|
||||
if WRITE_RESULT_FILES:
|
||||
with open('tests/out/test_html_render2.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
with open('tests/out/test_html_render.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
||||
f.write(pyladoc.inject_to_template(html_code, internal_template='templates/test_template.html'))
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ def test_latex_render():
|
|||
|
||||
# print(doc.to_latex())
|
||||
|
||||
assert doc.to_pdf('tests/out/test_latex_render2.pdf', font_family='serif')
|
||||
assert doc.to_pdf('tests/out/test_latex_render.pdf', font_family='serif')
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue