From d394b2d24936842a67c913f2bcc6c9af74003b74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas Kruse <nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2026 16:57:54 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 01/27] add_read_value_remote backend function renamed and
 docstring updated

---
 src/copapy/_compiler.py          |  1 +
 src/copapy/_target.py            | 12 ++++++++++--
 src/copapy/backend.py            |  4 ++--
 tests/test_branching_stencils.py |  7 +++----
 tests/test_compile.py            |  7 +++----
 tests/test_compile_aarch64.py    |  4 ++--
 tests/test_compile_armv7.py      |  4 ++--
 tests/test_compile_div.py        |  8 ++++----
 tests/test_compile_math.py       | 17 ++++++++---------
 tests/test_ops_aarch64.py        |  4 ++--
 tests/test_ops_armv6.py          |  4 ++--
 tests/test_ops_armv7.py          |  4 ++--
 tests/test_ops_x86.py            |  8 ++++----
 13 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/copapy/_compiler.py b/src/copapy/_compiler.py
index 9a17f8c..cbade28 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_compiler.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_compiler.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from ._basic_types import Net, Node, Store, CPConstant, Op, transl_type
 
 def stable_toposort(edges: Iterable[tuple[Node, Node]]) -> list[Node]:
     """Perform a stable topological sort on a directed acyclic graph (DAG).
+
     Arguments:
         edges: Iterable of (u, v) pairs meaning u -> v
 
diff --git a/src/copapy/_target.py b/src/copapy/_target.py
index 575c013..f8a64b0 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_target.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_target.py
@@ -13,7 +13,15 @@ TRet = TypeVar("TRet", Iterable[int | float], int, float)
 _jit_cache: dict[Any, tuple['Target', tuple[value[Any] | Iterable[value[Any]], ...], NumLike | Iterable[NumLike]]] = {}
 
 
-def add_read_command(dw: binw.data_writer, variables: dict[Net, tuple[int, int, str]], net: Net) -> None:
+def add_read_value_remote(dw: binw.data_writer, variables: dict[Net, tuple[int, int, str]], net: Net) -> None:
+    """Adds a read memory to stdout command to the data_writer dw.
+
+    Arguments:
+        dw: data_writer to add the command to
+        variables: A dict for looking up variables by Net. The value is a tuple.
+            of relative address in memory, size in bytes and data type.
+        net: Variable specified by Net to read from memory and write to stdout.
+    """
     assert net in variables, f"Variable {net} not found in data writer variables"
     addr, lengths, _ = variables[net]
     dw.write_com(binw.Command.READ_DATA)
@@ -188,5 +196,5 @@ class Target():
     def read_value_remote(self, variable: value[Any]) -> None:
         """Reads the raw data of a value by the runner."""
         dw = binw.data_writer(self.sdb.byteorder)
-        add_read_command(dw, self._values, variable.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(dw, self._values, variable.net)
         assert coparun(self._context, dw.get_data()) > 0
diff --git a/src/copapy/backend.py b/src/copapy/backend.py
index 1593c57..057f306 100644
--- a/src/copapy/backend.py
+++ b/src/copapy/backend.py
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ Backend module for Copapy: contains internal data types
 and give access to compiler internals and debugging tools.
 """
 
-from ._target import add_read_command
+from ._target import add_read_value_remote
 from ._basic_types import Net, Op, Node, CPConstant, Store, stencil_db_from_package
 from ._compiler import compile_to_dag, \
     stable_toposort, get_const_nets, get_all_dag_edges, add_load_ops, get_all_dag_edges_between, \
     add_store_ops, get_dag_stats
 
 __all__ = [
-    "add_read_command",
+    "add_read_value_remote",
     "Net",
     "Op",
     "Node",
diff --git a/tests/test_branching_stencils.py b/tests/test_branching_stencils.py
index 6ab929b..f8dab41 100644
--- a/tests/test_branching_stencils.py
+++ b/tests/test_branching_stencils.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 from copapy import value
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_command
+from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
 import copapy as cp
 import subprocess
 from copapy import _binwrite
-import copapy.backend
 import pytest
 
 
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ def test_compile():
 
     out = [Store(r) for r in ret_test]
 
-    il, variables = compile_to_dag(out, copapy.generic_sdb)
+    il, variables = compile_to_dag(out, cp.generic_sdb)
 
     # run program command
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ def test_compile():
 
     for v in ret_test:
         assert isinstance(v, value)
-        add_read_command(il, variables, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(il, variables, v.net)
 
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
diff --git a/tests/test_compile.py b/tests/test_compile.py
index 7c0c674..7fe502b 100644
--- a/tests/test_compile.py
+++ b/tests/test_compile.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 from copapy import NumLike
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_command
+from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
 import copapy as cp
 import subprocess
 import struct
 from copapy import _binwrite
-import copapy.backend
 import pytest
 
 
@@ -60,14 +59,14 @@ def test_compile():
 
     out = [Store(r) for r in ret]
 
-    il, variables = compile_to_dag(out, copapy.generic_sdb)
+    il, variables = compile_to_dag(out, cp.generic_sdb)
 
     # run program command
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
 
     for v in ret:
         assert isinstance(v, cp.value)
-        add_read_command(il, variables, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(il, variables, v.net)
 
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
diff --git a/tests/test_compile_aarch64.py b/tests/test_compile_aarch64.py
index 2a56385..dbe25c9 100644
--- a/tests/test_compile_aarch64.py
+++ b/tests/test_compile_aarch64.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from copapy import NumLike
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_command
+from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
 import subprocess
 from copapy import _binwrite
 import copapy.backend as backend
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def test_compile():
 
     for v in ret:
         assert isinstance(v, cp.value)
-        add_read_command(il, variables, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(il, variables, v.net)
 
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
diff --git a/tests/test_compile_armv7.py b/tests/test_compile_armv7.py
index fec2eab..f36a76c 100644
--- a/tests/test_compile_armv7.py
+++ b/tests/test_compile_armv7.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from copapy import NumLike
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_command
+from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
 import subprocess
 from copapy import _binwrite
 import copapy.backend as backend
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def test_compile():
 
     for v in ret:
         assert isinstance(v, cp.value)
-        add_read_command(il, variables, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(il, variables, v.net)
 
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
diff --git a/tests/test_compile_div.py b/tests/test_compile_div.py
index 1133d1e..269d9ae 100644
--- a/tests/test_compile_div.py
+++ b/tests/test_compile_div.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from copapy import value, NumLike
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_command
-import copapy
+from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
+import copapy as cp
 import subprocess
 from copapy import _binwrite
 import pytest
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ def test_compile():
 
     out = [Store(r) for r in ret]
 
-    il, vars = compile_to_dag(out, copapy.generic_sdb)
+    il, vars = compile_to_dag(out, cp.generic_sdb)
 
     # run program command
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
 
     for v in ret:
         assert isinstance(v, value)
-        add_read_command(il, vars, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(il, vars, v.net)
 
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
diff --git a/tests/test_compile_math.py b/tests/test_compile_math.py
index 3376068..eecb61c 100644
--- a/tests/test_compile_math.py
+++ b/tests/test_compile_math.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 from copapy import value
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_command
+from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
 import copapy as cp
 import subprocess
 from copapy import _binwrite
-import copapy.backend
 import pytest
 
 
@@ -23,14 +22,14 @@ def test_compile_sqrt():
 
     out = [Store(r) for r in ret]
 
-    il, variables = compile_to_dag(out, copapy.generic_sdb)
+    il, variables = compile_to_dag(out, cp.generic_sdb)
 
     # run program command
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
 
     for v in ret:
         assert isinstance(v, value)
-        add_read_command(il, variables, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(il, variables, v.net)
 
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
@@ -57,14 +56,14 @@ def test_compile_log():
 
     out = [Store(r) for r in ret]
 
-    il, variables = compile_to_dag(out, copapy.generic_sdb)
+    il, variables = compile_to_dag(out, cp.generic_sdb)
 
     # run program command
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
 
     for v in ret:
         assert isinstance(v, value)
-        add_read_command(il, variables, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(il, variables, v.net)
 
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
@@ -91,14 +90,14 @@ def test_compile_sin():
 
     out = [Store(r) for r in ret]
 
-    il, variables = compile_to_dag(out, copapy.generic_sdb)
+    il, variables = compile_to_dag(out, cp.generic_sdb)
 
     # run program command
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
 
     for v in ret:
-        assert isinstance(v, copapy.value)
-        add_read_command(il, variables, v.net)
+        assert isinstance(v, cp.value)
+        add_read_value_remote(il, variables, v.net)
 
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
diff --git a/tests/test_ops_aarch64.py b/tests/test_ops_aarch64.py
index d733425..c052dcb 100644
--- a/tests/test_ops_aarch64.py
+++ b/tests/test_ops_aarch64.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from copapy import NumLike, iif, value
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_command
+from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
 import subprocess
 from copapy import _binwrite
 import copapy.backend as backend
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def test_compile():
 
     for v in ret_test:
         assert isinstance(v, value)
-        add_read_command(dw, variables, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(dw, variables, v.net)
 
     #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
     #dw.write_int(0)
diff --git a/tests/test_ops_armv6.py b/tests/test_ops_armv6.py
index 0d716cb..75252fb 100644
--- a/tests/test_ops_armv6.py
+++ b/tests/test_ops_armv6.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from copapy import NumLike, iif, value
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_command
+from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
 import subprocess
 from copapy import _binwrite
 import copapy.backend as backend
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def test_compile():
 
     for v in ret_test:
         assert isinstance(v, value)
-        add_read_command(dw, variables, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(dw, variables, v.net)
 
     #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
     #dw.write_int(0)
diff --git a/tests/test_ops_armv7.py b/tests/test_ops_armv7.py
index c354eff..ee0c5b7 100644
--- a/tests/test_ops_armv7.py
+++ b/tests/test_ops_armv7.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from copapy import NumLike, iif, value
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_command
+from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
 import subprocess
 from copapy import _binwrite
 import copapy.backend as backend
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def test_compile():
 
     for v in ret_test:
         assert isinstance(v, value)
-        add_read_command(dw, variables, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(dw, variables, v.net)
 
     #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
     #dw.write_int(0)
diff --git a/tests/test_ops_x86.py b/tests/test_ops_x86.py
index c6d0643..c6f784b 100644
--- a/tests/test_ops_x86.py
+++ b/tests/test_ops_x86.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from copapy import NumLike, iif, value
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_command
+from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
 import subprocess
 from copapy import _binwrite
 import copapy.backend as backend
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def test_compile():
 
     for v in ret_test:
         assert isinstance(v, value)
-        add_read_command(dw, variables, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(dw, variables, v.net)
 
     #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
     #dw.write_int(0)
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ def test_vector_compile():
 
     for v in ret:
         assert isinstance(v, cp.value)
-        add_read_command(il, variables, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(il, variables, v.net)
 
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ def test_sinus():
 
     for v in ret_test:
         assert isinstance(v, value)
-        add_read_command(dw, variables, v.net)
+        add_read_value_remote(dw, variables, v.net)
 
     #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
     #dw.write_int(0)

From 3ec0ba10c32aea147442796ffc4ee73936f682ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Sun, 25 Jan 2026 17:13:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/27] Skiping qemo based ARM32 bit tests on windows since
 they are not compatible to wsl1

---
 tests/test_compile_armv7.py |  71 ++++++++------
 tests/test_ops_armv6.py     | 180 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 tests/test_ops_armv7.py     | 178 +++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 3 files changed, 284 insertions(+), 145 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_compile_armv7.py b/tests/test_compile_armv7.py
index f36a76c..4d2ee4d 100644
--- a/tests/test_compile_armv7.py
+++ b/tests/test_compile_armv7.py
@@ -1,32 +1,45 @@
-from copapy import NumLike
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
-import subprocess
-from copapy import _binwrite
-import copapy.backend as backend
-import copapy as cp
 import os
+import subprocess
 import warnings
+
 import pytest
 
-if os.name == 'nt':
+import copapy as cp
+import copapy.backend as backend
+from copapy import NumLike, _binwrite
+from copapy.backend import Store, add_read_value_remote, compile_to_dag
+
+if os.name == "nt":
     # On Windows wsl and qemu-user is required:
     # sudo apt install qemu-user
-    qemu_command = ['wsl', 'qemu-arm']
+    qemu_command = ["wsl", "qemu-arm"]
 else:
-    qemu_command = ['qemu-arm']
+    qemu_command = ["qemu-arm"]
 
 
 def run_command(command: list[str]) -> str:
-    result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, encoding='utf8', check=False)
-    assert result.returncode != 11, f"SIGSEGV (segmentation fault)\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
-    assert result.returncode == 0, f"\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        command,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        encoding="utf8",
+        check=False,
+    )
+    assert result.returncode != 11, (
+        f"SIGSEGV (segmentation fault)\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    )
+    assert result.returncode == 0, (
+        f"\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    )
     return result.stdout
 
 
 def check_for_qemu() -> bool:
-    command = qemu_command + ['--version']
+    command = qemu_command + ["--version"]
     try:
-        result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, check=False)
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, check=False
+        )
     except Exception:
         return False
     return result.returncode == 0
@@ -54,12 +67,12 @@ def test_compile():
 
     out = [Store(r) for r in ret]
 
-    sdb = backend.stencil_db_from_package('armv7')
+    sdb = backend.stencil_db_from_package("armv7")
     il, variables = compile_to_dag(out, sdb)
 
     # run program command
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
-    #il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.DUMP_CODE)
+    # il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.DUMP_CODE)
 
     for v in ret:
         assert isinstance(v, cp.value)
@@ -67,23 +80,29 @@ def test_compile():
 
     il.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
-    #print('* Data to runner:')
-    #il.print()
+    # print('* Data to runner:')
+    # il.print()
 
-    il.to_file('build/runner/test-armv7.copapy')
+    il.to_file("build/runner/test-armv7.copapy")
 
     if not check_for_qemu():
-        warnings.warn("qemu-armv7 not found, aarch64 test skipped!", UserWarning)
-    elif not os.path.isfile('build/runner/coparun-armv7'):
+        warnings.warn("qemu-armv7 not found, test skipped!", UserWarning)
+    elif "wsl" in qemu_command:
+        warnings.warn("qemu-armv7 seams not work on wsl1, test skipped!", UserWarning)
+    elif not os.path.isfile("build/runner/coparun-armv7"):
         warnings.warn("armv7 runner not found, aarch64 test skipped!", UserWarning)
     else:
-        command = ['build/runner/coparun-armv7', 'build/runner/test-armv7.copapy', 'build/runner/test-armv7.copapy.bin']
+        command = [
+            "build/runner/coparun-armv7",
+            "build/runner/test-armv7.copapy",
+            "build/runner/test-armv7.copapy.bin",
+        ]
         result = run_command(qemu_command + command)
-        print('* Output from runner:\n--')
+        print("* Output from runner:\n--")
         print(result)
-        print('--')
+        print("--")
 
-        assert 'Return value: 1' in result
+        assert "Return value: 1" in result
 
         # Compare to x86_64 reference results
         assert " size=4 data=24 00 00 00" in result
@@ -92,5 +111,5 @@ def test_compile():
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    #test_example()
+    # test_example()
     test_compile()
diff --git a/tests/test_ops_armv6.py b/tests/test_ops_armv6.py
index 75252fb..4be1cfe 100644
--- a/tests/test_ops_armv6.py
+++ b/tests/test_ops_armv6.py
@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
-from copapy import NumLike, iif, value
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
-import subprocess
-from copapy import _binwrite
-import copapy.backend as backend
 import os
-import warnings
 import re
 import struct
-import pytest
-import copapy as cp
+import subprocess
+import warnings
 
-if os.name == 'nt':
+import pytest
+
+import copapy as cp
+import copapy.backend as backend
+from copapy import NumLike, _binwrite, iif, value
+from copapy.backend import Store, add_read_value_remote, compile_to_dag
+
+if os.name == "nt":
     # On Windows wsl and qemu-user is required:
     # sudo apt install qemu-user
-    qemu_command = ['wsl', 'qemu-arm']
+    qemu_command = ["wsl", "qemu-arm"]
 else:
-    qemu_command = ['qemu-arm']
+    qemu_command = ["qemu-arm"]
 
 
 def parse_results(log_text: str) -> dict[int, bytes]:
@@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ def parse_results(log_text: str) -> dict[int, bytes]:
     var_dict: dict[int, bytes] = {}
 
     for match in matches:
-        value_str: list[str] = match.group(3).strip().split(' ')
-        #print('--', value_str)
+        value_str: list[str] = match.group(3).strip().split(" ")
+        # print('--', value_str)
         value = bytes(int(v, base=16) for v in value_str)
         if len(value) <= 8:
             var_dict[int(match.group(1))] = value
@@ -34,26 +35,49 @@ def parse_results(log_text: str) -> dict[int, bytes]:
 
 
 def run_command(command: list[str]) -> str:
-    result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, encoding='utf8', check=False)
-    assert result.returncode != 11, f"SIGSEGV (segmentation fault)\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
-    assert result.returncode == 0, f"\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        command,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        encoding="utf8",
+        check=False,
+    )
+    assert result.returncode != 11, (
+        f"SIGSEGV (segmentation fault)\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    )
+    assert result.returncode == 0, (
+        f"\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    )
     return result.stdout
 
 
 def check_for_qemu() -> bool:
-    command = qemu_command + ['--version']
+    command = qemu_command + ["--version"]
     try:
-        result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, check=False)
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, check=False
+        )
     except Exception:
         return False
     return result.returncode == 0
 
 
 def function1(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
-    return [c1 / 4, c1 / -4, c1 // 4, c1 // -4, (c1 * -1) // 4,
-            c1 * 4, c1 * -4,
-            c1 + 4, c1 - 4,
-            c1 > 2, c1 > 100, c1 < 4, c1 < 100]
+    return [
+        c1 / 4,
+        c1 / -4,
+        c1 // 4,
+        c1 // -4,
+        (c1 * -1) // 4,
+        c1 * 4,
+        c1 * -4,
+        c1 + 4,
+        c1 - 4,
+        c1 > 2,
+        c1 > 100,
+        c1 < 4,
+        c1 < 100,
+    ]
 
 
 def function2(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
@@ -77,11 +101,13 @@ def function6(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
 
 
 def iiftests(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
-    return [iif(c1 > 5, 8, 9),
-            iif(c1 < 5, 8.5, 9.5),
-            iif(1 > 5, 3.3, 8.8) + c1,
-            iif(1 < 5, c1 * 3.3, 8.8),
-            iif(c1 < 5, c1 * 3.3, 8.8)]
+    return [
+        iif(c1 > 5, 8, 9),
+        iif(c1 < 5, 8.5, 9.5),
+        iif(1 > 5, 3.3, 8.8) + c1,
+        iif(1 < 5, c1 * 3.3, 8.8),
+        iif(c1 < 5, c1 * 3.3, 8.8),
+    ]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.runner
@@ -90,59 +116,90 @@ def test_compile():
     c_f = value(1.111)
     c_b = value(True)
 
-    ret_test = function1(c_i) + function1(c_f) + function2(c_i) + function2(c_f) + function3(c_i) + function4(c_i) + function5(c_b) + [value(9) % 2] + iiftests(c_i) + iiftests(c_f) + [cp.asin(c_i/10)]
-    ret_ref = function1(9) + function1(1.111) + function2(9) + function2(1.111) + function3(9) + function4(9) + function5(True) + [9 % 2] + iiftests(9) + iiftests(1.111) + [cp.asin(9/10)]
+    ret_test = (
+        function1(c_i)
+        + function1(c_f)
+        + function2(c_i)
+        + function2(c_f)
+        + function3(c_i)
+        + function4(c_i)
+        + function5(c_b)
+        + [value(9) % 2]
+        + iiftests(c_i)
+        + iiftests(c_f)
+        + [cp.asin(c_i / 10)]
+    )
+    ret_ref = (
+        function1(9)
+        + function1(1.111)
+        + function2(9)
+        + function2(1.111)
+        + function3(9)
+        + function4(9)
+        + function5(True)
+        + [9 % 2]
+        + iiftests(9)
+        + iiftests(1.111)
+        + [cp.asin(9 / 10)]
+    )
 
-    #ret_test = (c_i * 100 // 5, c_f * 10 // 5)
-    #ret_ref = (9 * 100 // 5, 1.111 * 10 // 5)
+    # ret_test = (c_i * 100 // 5, c_f * 10 // 5)
+    # ret_ref = (9 * 100 // 5, 1.111 * 10 // 5)
 
     out = [Store(r) for r in ret_test]
 
-    sdb = backend.stencil_db_from_package('armv6')
+    sdb = backend.stencil_db_from_package("armv6")
     dw, variables = compile_to_dag(out, sdb)
 
-    #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
-    #dw.write_int(0)
-    #dw.write_int(28)
+    # dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
+    # dw.write_int(0)
+    # dw.write_int(28)
 
     # run program command
     dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
-    #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.DUMP_CODE)
+    # dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.DUMP_CODE)
 
     for v in ret_test:
         assert isinstance(v, value)
         add_read_value_remote(dw, variables, v.net)
 
-    #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
-    #dw.write_int(0)
-    #dw.write_int(28)
+    # dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
+    # dw.write_int(0)
+    # dw.write_int(28)
 
     dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
-    #print('* Data to runner:')
-    #dw.print()
+    # print('* Data to runner:')
+    # dw.print()
 
-    dw.to_file('build/runner/test-armv6.copapy')
+    dw.to_file("build/runner/test-armv6.copapy")
 
     if not check_for_qemu():
         warnings.warn("qemu-armv6 not found, armv6 test skipped!", UserWarning)
         return
-    if not os.path.isfile('build/runner/coparun-armv6'):
+    if "wsl" in qemu_command:
+        warnings.warn("qemu-armv6 seams not work on wsl1, test skipped!", UserWarning)
+        return
+    if not os.path.isfile("build/runner/coparun-armv6"):
         warnings.warn("armv6 runner not found, armv6 test skipped!", UserWarning)
         return
 
-    command = qemu_command + ['build/runner/coparun-armv6', 'build/runner/test-armv6.copapy'] + ['build/runner/test-armv6.copapy.bin']
-    #try:
+    command = (
+        qemu_command
+        + ["build/runner/coparun-armv6", "build/runner/test-armv6.copapy"]
+        + ["build/runner/test-armv6.copapy.bin"]
+    )
+    # try:
     result = run_command(command)
-    #except FileNotFoundError:
+    # except FileNotFoundError:
     #    warnings.warn(f"Test skipped, executable not found.", UserWarning)
     #    return
 
-    #print('* Output from runner:\n--')
-    #print(result)
-    #print('--')
+    # print('* Output from runner:\n--')
+    # print(result)
+    # print('--')
 
-    assert 'Return value: 1' in result
+    assert "Return value: 1" in result
 
     result_data = parse_results(result)
 
@@ -150,22 +207,25 @@ def test_compile():
         assert isinstance(test, value)
         address = variables[test.net][0]
         data = result_data[address]
-        if test.dtype == 'int':
+        if test.dtype == "int":
             val = int.from_bytes(data, sdb.byteorder, signed=True)
-        elif test.dtype == 'bool':
+        elif test.dtype == "bool":
             val = bool.from_bytes(data, sdb.byteorder)
-        elif test.dtype == 'float':
-            en = {'little': '<', 'big': '>'}[sdb.byteorder]
-            val = struct.unpack(en + 'f', data)[0]
+        elif test.dtype == "float":
+            en = {"little": "<", "big": ">"}[sdb.byteorder]
+            val = struct.unpack(en + "f", data)[0]
             assert isinstance(val, float)
         else:
             raise Exception(f"Unknown type: {test.dtype}")
-        print('+', val, ref, test.dtype, f"  addr={address}")
+        print("+", val, ref, test.dtype, f"  addr={address}")
         for t in (int, float, bool):
-            assert isinstance(val, t) == isinstance(ref, t), f"Result type does not match for {val} and {ref}"
-            assert val == pytest.approx(ref, 1e-5), f"Result does not match: {val} and reference: {ref}"  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
+            assert isinstance(val, t) == isinstance(ref, t), (
+                f"Result type does not match for {val} and {ref}"
+            )
+            assert val == pytest.approx(ref, 1e-5), (
+                f"Result does not match: {val} and reference: {ref}"
+            )  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    #test_compile()
-    test_slow_31bit_int_list_hash()
+    test_compile()
diff --git a/tests/test_ops_armv7.py b/tests/test_ops_armv7.py
index ee0c5b7..ea2b4b0 100644
--- a/tests/test_ops_armv7.py
+++ b/tests/test_ops_armv7.py
@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
-from copapy import NumLike, iif, value
-from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
-import subprocess
-from copapy import _binwrite
-import copapy.backend as backend
 import os
-import warnings
 import re
 import struct
-import pytest
-import copapy as cp
+import subprocess
+import warnings
 
-if os.name == 'nt':
+import pytest
+
+import copapy as cp
+import copapy.backend as backend
+from copapy import NumLike, _binwrite, iif, value
+from copapy.backend import Store, add_read_value_remote, compile_to_dag
+
+if os.name == "nt":
     # On Windows wsl and qemu-user is required:
     # sudo apt install qemu-user
-    qemu_command = ['wsl', 'qemu-arm']
+    qemu_command = ["wsl", "qemu-arm"]
 else:
-    qemu_command = ['qemu-arm']
+    qemu_command = ["qemu-arm"]
 
 
 def parse_results(log_text: str) -> dict[int, bytes]:
@@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ def parse_results(log_text: str) -> dict[int, bytes]:
     var_dict: dict[int, bytes] = {}
 
     for match in matches:
-        value_str: list[str] = match.group(3).strip().split(' ')
-        #print('--', value_str)
+        value_str: list[str] = match.group(3).strip().split(" ")
+        # print('--', value_str)
         value = bytes(int(v, base=16) for v in value_str)
         if len(value) <= 8:
             var_dict[int(match.group(1))] = value
@@ -34,26 +35,49 @@ def parse_results(log_text: str) -> dict[int, bytes]:
 
 
 def run_command(command: list[str]) -> str:
-    result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, encoding='utf8', check=False)
-    assert result.returncode != 11, f"SIGSEGV (segmentation fault)\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
-    assert result.returncode == 0, f"\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        command,
+        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        encoding="utf8",
+        check=False,
+    )
+    assert result.returncode != 11, (
+        f"SIGSEGV (segmentation fault)\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    )
+    assert result.returncode == 0, (
+        f"\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    )
     return result.stdout
 
 
 def check_for_qemu() -> bool:
-    command = qemu_command + ['--version']
+    command = qemu_command + ["--version"]
     try:
-        result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, check=False)
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, check=False
+        )
     except Exception:
         return False
     return result.returncode == 0
 
 
 def function1(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
-    return [c1 / 4, c1 / -4, c1 // 4, c1 // -4, (c1 * -1) // 4,
-            c1 * 4, c1 * -4,
-            c1 + 4, c1 - 4,
-            c1 > 2, c1 > 100, c1 < 4, c1 < 100]
+    return [
+        c1 / 4,
+        c1 / -4,
+        c1 // 4,
+        c1 // -4,
+        (c1 * -1) // 4,
+        c1 * 4,
+        c1 * -4,
+        c1 + 4,
+        c1 - 4,
+        c1 > 2,
+        c1 > 100,
+        c1 < 4,
+        c1 < 100,
+    ]
 
 
 def function2(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
@@ -77,11 +101,13 @@ def function6(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
 
 
 def iiftests(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
-    return [iif(c1 > 5, 8, 9),
-            iif(c1 < 5, 8.5, 9.5),
-            iif(1 > 5, 3.3, 8.8) + c1,
-            iif(1 < 5, c1 * 3.3, 8.8),
-            iif(c1 < 5, c1 * 3.3, 8.8)]
+    return [
+        iif(c1 > 5, 8, 9),
+        iif(c1 < 5, 8.5, 9.5),
+        iif(1 > 5, 3.3, 8.8) + c1,
+        iif(1 < 5, c1 * 3.3, 8.8),
+        iif(c1 < 5, c1 * 3.3, 8.8),
+    ]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.runner
@@ -90,59 +116,90 @@ def test_compile():
     c_f = value(1.111)
     c_b = value(True)
 
-    ret_test = function1(c_i) + function1(c_f) + function2(c_i) + function2(c_f) + function3(c_i) + function4(c_i) + function5(c_b) + [value(9) % 2] + iiftests(c_i) + iiftests(c_f) + [cp.asin(c_i/10)]
-    ret_ref = function1(9) + function1(1.111) + function2(9) + function2(1.111) + function3(9) + function4(9) + function5(True) + [9 % 2] + iiftests(9) + iiftests(1.111) + [cp.asin(9/10)]
+    ret_test = (
+        function1(c_i)
+        + function1(c_f)
+        + function2(c_i)
+        + function2(c_f)
+        + function3(c_i)
+        + function4(c_i)
+        + function5(c_b)
+        + [value(9) % 2]
+        + iiftests(c_i)
+        + iiftests(c_f)
+        + [cp.asin(c_i / 10)]
+    )
+    ret_ref = (
+        function1(9)
+        + function1(1.111)
+        + function2(9)
+        + function2(1.111)
+        + function3(9)
+        + function4(9)
+        + function5(True)
+        + [9 % 2]
+        + iiftests(9)
+        + iiftests(1.111)
+        + [cp.asin(9 / 10)]
+    )
 
-    #ret_test = (c_i * 100 // 5, c_f * 10 // 5)
-    #ret_ref = (9 * 100 // 5, 1.111 * 10 // 5)
+    # ret_test = (c_i * 100 // 5, c_f * 10 // 5)
+    # ret_ref = (9 * 100 // 5, 1.111 * 10 // 5)
 
     out = [Store(r) for r in ret_test]
 
-    sdb = backend.stencil_db_from_package('armv7')
+    sdb = backend.stencil_db_from_package("armv7")
     dw, variables = compile_to_dag(out, sdb)
 
-    #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
-    #dw.write_int(0)
-    #dw.write_int(28)
+    # dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
+    # dw.write_int(0)
+    # dw.write_int(28)
 
     # run program command
     dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
-    #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.DUMP_CODE)
+    # dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.DUMP_CODE)
 
     for v in ret_test:
         assert isinstance(v, value)
         add_read_value_remote(dw, variables, v.net)
 
-    #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
-    #dw.write_int(0)
-    #dw.write_int(28)
+    # dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
+    # dw.write_int(0)
+    # dw.write_int(28)
 
     dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
-    #print('* Data to runner:')
-    #dw.print()
+    # print('* Data to runner:')
+    # dw.print()
 
-    dw.to_file('build/runner/test-armv7.copapy')
+    dw.to_file("build/runner/test-armv7.copapy")
 
     if not check_for_qemu():
         warnings.warn("qemu-armv7 not found, armv7 test skipped!", UserWarning)
         return
-    if not os.path.isfile('build/runner/coparun-armv7'):
+    if "wsl" in qemu_command:
+        warnings.warn("qemu-armv7 seams not work on wsl1, test skipped!", UserWarning)
+        return
+    if not os.path.isfile("build/runner/coparun-armv7"):
         warnings.warn("armv7 runner not found, armv7 test skipped!", UserWarning)
         return
 
-    command = qemu_command + ['build/runner/coparun-armv7', 'build/runner/test-armv7.copapy'] + ['build/runner/test-armv7.copapy.bin']
-    #try:
+    command = (
+        qemu_command
+        + ["build/runner/coparun-armv7", "build/runner/test-armv7.copapy"]
+        + ["build/runner/test-armv7.copapy.bin"]
+    )
+    # try:
     result = run_command(command)
-    #except FileNotFoundError:
+    # except FileNotFoundError:
     #    warnings.warn(f"Test skipped, executable not found.", UserWarning)
     #    return
 
-    print('* Output from runner:\n--')
+    print("* Output from runner:\n--")
     print(result)
-    print('--')
+    print("--")
 
-    assert 'Return value: 1' in result
+    assert "Return value: 1" in result
 
     result_data = parse_results(result)
 
@@ -150,22 +207,25 @@ def test_compile():
         assert isinstance(test, value)
         address = variables[test.net][0]
         data = result_data[address]
-        if test.dtype == 'int':
+        if test.dtype == "int":
             val = int.from_bytes(data, sdb.byteorder, signed=True)
-        elif test.dtype == 'bool':
+        elif test.dtype == "bool":
             val = bool.from_bytes(data, sdb.byteorder)
-        elif test.dtype == 'float':
-            en = {'little': '<', 'big': '>'}[sdb.byteorder]
-            val = struct.unpack(en + 'f', data)[0]
+        elif test.dtype == "float":
+            en = {"little": "<", "big": ">"}[sdb.byteorder]
+            val = struct.unpack(en + "f", data)[0]
             assert isinstance(val, float)
         else:
             raise Exception(f"Unknown type: {test.dtype}")
-        print('+', val, ref, test.dtype, f"  addr={address}")
+        print("+", val, ref, test.dtype, f"  addr={address}")
         for t in (int, float, bool):
-            assert isinstance(val, t) == isinstance(ref, t), f"Result type does not match for {val} and {ref}"
-            assert val == pytest.approx(ref, 1e-5), f"Result does not match: {val} and reference: {ref}"  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
+            assert isinstance(val, t) == isinstance(ref, t), (
+                f"Result type does not match for {val} and {ref}"
+            )
+            assert val == pytest.approx(ref, 1e-5), (
+                f"Result does not match: {val} and reference: {ref}"
+            )  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    #test_example()
-    test_slow_31bit_int_list_hash()
+    test_compile()

From 7131483a22d8a057f6bc73d95b3a0a4b43025e07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Sun, 25 Jan 2026 17:16:33 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 03/27] CI: Added -static for building the runner

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 6212351..349f366 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Compile coparun
       run: |
         mkdir -p build/runner
-        gcc -O3 -DENABLE_BASIC_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c
+        gcc -O3 -static -DENABLE_BASIC_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c
 
     - name: Generate debug asm files
       if: strategy.job-index == 0
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ jobs:
         docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm64 ghcr.io/nonannet/arm64_test:1 \
         bash -lc "pip install . && \
                   mkdir -p build/runner && \
-                  gcc -O3 -DENABLE_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
+                  gcc -O3 -static -DENABLE_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
                   src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c && \
                   pytest && \
                   bash tools/create_asm.sh"
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ jobs:
         docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm/v6 ghcr.io/nonannet/armv6_test:1 \
         bash -lc "pip install . && \
                   mkdir -p build/runner && \
-                  gcc -O3 -DENABLE_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
+                  gcc -O3 -static -DENABLE_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
                   src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c && \
                   pytest && \
                   bash tools/create_asm.sh"
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ jobs:
         docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm/v7 ghcr.io/nonannet/armv7_test:1 \
         bash -lc "pip install . && \
                   mkdir -p build/runner && \
-                  gcc -O3 -DENABLE_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
+                  gcc -O3 -static -DENABLE_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
                   src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c && \
                   pytest && \
                   bash tools/create_asm.sh"

From 58120f292c7b4ee3055b90a84b1083176b8c27ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Mon, 26 Jan 2026 23:57:15 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 04/27] partial arm thumb implementation added

---
 .gitignore                   |   1 +
 src/copapy/_binwrite.py      |   4 +-
 src/copapy/_compiler.py      |   9 +-
 src/copapy/_stencils.py      |  26 +++++-
 src/coparun/runmem.c         |  45 +++++++++
 src/coparun/runmem.h         |   1 +
 tests/test_ops_armv7thunb.py | 171 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tools/build.sh               |  37 +++++++-
 tools/inspect.sh             |   2 +
 9 files changed, 287 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/test_ops_armv7thunb.py

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index aaa1e38..dfe5d47 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -30,3 +30,4 @@ core
 *.log
 docs/source/start.md
 /src/copapy/_version.py
+sketch*.py
diff --git a/src/copapy/_binwrite.py b/src/copapy/_binwrite.py
index ff77918..a12d82b 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_binwrite.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_binwrite.py
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ ByteOrder = Literal['little', 'big']
 
 Command = Enum('Command', [('ALLOCATE_DATA', 1), ('COPY_DATA', 2),
                            ('ALLOCATE_CODE', 3), ('COPY_CODE', 4),
-                           ('PATCH_FUNC', 0x1000), ('PATCH_OBJECT', 0x2000),
+                           ('PATCH_FUNC', 0x1000),
+                           ('PATCH_FUNC_ARM32_THM', 0x1005),
+                           ('PATCH_OBJECT', 0x2000),
                            ('PATCH_OBJECT_HI21', 0x2001),
                            ('PATCH_OBJECT_ABS', 0x2002),
                            ('PATCH_OBJECT_REL', 0x2003),
diff --git a/src/copapy/_compiler.py b/src/copapy/_compiler.py
index cbade28..cd42d41 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_compiler.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_compiler.py
@@ -393,13 +393,14 @@ def compile_to_dag(node_list: Iterable[Node], sdb: stencil_database) -> tuple[bi
     # assemble stencils to main program and patch stencils
     data = sdb.get_function_code('entry_function_shell', 'start')
     data_list.append(data)
+    print(f"* entry_function_shell (0) " + ' '.join(f'{d:02X}' for d in data))
     offset = aux_func_len + len(data)
 
     for associated_net, node in extended_output_ops:
         assert node.name in sdb.stencil_definitions, f"- Warning: {node.name} stencil not found"
         data = sdb.get_stencil_code(node.name)
         data_list.append(data)
-        #print(f"* {node.name} ({offset}) " + ' '.join(f'{d:02X}' for d in data))
+        print(f"* {node.name} ({offset}) " + ' '.join(f'{d:02X}' for d in data))
 
         for reloc in sdb.get_relocations(node.name, stencil=True):
             if reloc.target_symbol_info in ('STT_OBJECT', 'STT_NOTYPE', 'STT_SECTION'):
@@ -451,10 +452,8 @@ def compile_to_dag(node_list: Iterable[Node], sdb: stencil_database) -> tuple[bi
         #print('--> ', name, list(sdb.get_relocations(name)))
         for reloc in sdb.get_relocations(name):
 
-            #assert reloc.target_symbol_info != 'STT_FUNC', "Not tested yet!"
-
             if not reloc.target_section_index:
-                assert reloc.pelfy_reloc.type == 'R_ARM_V4BX'
+                assert reloc.pelfy_reloc.type == 'R_ARM_V4BX', (reloc.pelfy_reloc.type, name)
 
             elif reloc.target_symbol_info in {'STT_OBJECT', 'STT_NOTYPE', 'STT_SECTION'}:
                 # Patch constants/variable addresses on heap
@@ -489,6 +488,6 @@ def compile_to_dag(node_list: Iterable[Node], sdb: stencil_database) -> tuple[bi
         dw.write_int(patch.value, signed=True)
 
     dw.write_com(binw.Command.ENTRY_POINT)
-    dw.write_int(aux_func_len)
+    dw.write_int(aux_func_len + sdb.thumb_mode)
 
     return dw, variables
diff --git a/src/copapy/_stencils.py b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
index b7864c0..f464b3e 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_stencils.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ class stencil_database():
         var_size (dict[str, int]): dictionary of object names and their sizes
         byteorder (ByteOrder): byte order of the ELF file
         elf (elf_file): the loaded ELF file
+        thumb_mode (int): 1 if ARM in thumb mode, 0 otherwise
     """
 
     def __init__(self, obj_file: str | bytes):
@@ -147,6 +148,11 @@ class stencil_database():
         #                 if s.info == 'STT_OBJECT'}
         self.byteorder: ByteOrder = self.elf.byteorder
 
+        self.arm = '.ARM.attributes' in self.elf.sections
+
+        # Returns 1 for ARM in thumb mode, 0 otherwise
+        self.thumb_mode = self.elf.symbols['entry_function_shell'].fields['st_value'] & 1
+
         #for name in self.function_definitions.keys():
         #    sym = self.elf.symbols[name]
         #    sym.relocations
@@ -314,6 +320,13 @@ class stencil_database():
             patch_value = symbol_address + pr.fields['r_addend']
             symbol_type = symbol_type + 0x03  # Relative to data section
 
+        elif pr.type.endswith('_THM_JUMP24') or pr.type.endswith('_THM_CALL'):
+            # R_ARM_THM_JUMP24
+            # S + A - P
+            #assert pr.fields['r_addend'] == 0, pr.fields['r_addend']
+            patch_value = symbol_address - (patch_offset + 4)  #+ pr.fields['r_addend']
+            symbol_type = symbol_type + 0x05  # PATCH_FUNC_ARM32_THM
+
         else:
             raise NotImplementedError(f"Relocation type {pr.type} in {relocation.pelfy_reloc.target_section.name} pointing to {relocation.pelfy_reloc.symbol.name} not implemented")
 
@@ -334,7 +347,11 @@ class stencil_database():
             func = self.elf.symbols[name]
             start_stencil, end_stencil = get_stencil_position(func)
             assert func.section
-            start_index = func.section['sh_offset'] + func['st_value'] + start_stencil
+
+            # For arm functions, mask out the thumb mode bit
+            function_offset = func.fields['st_value'] & ~int(self.arm)
+
+            start_index = func.section['sh_offset'] + function_offset + start_stencil
             lengths = end_stencil - start_stencil
             self._stencil_cache[name] = (start_index, lengths)
 
@@ -403,6 +420,13 @@ class stencil_database():
         func = self.elf.symbols[name]
         assert func.info == 'STT_FUNC', f"{name} is not a function"
 
+        # For arm functions, mask out the thumb mode bit
+        function_offset = func.fields['st_value'] & ~int(self.arm)
+
+        start_index = func.section['sh_offset'] + function_offset
+        lengths = end_stencil - start_stencil
+
+        #return self.elf.read_bytes(start_index, func.fields['st_size'])
         if part == 'start':
             index = get_last_call_in_function(func)
             return func.data[:index]
diff --git a/src/coparun/runmem.c b/src/coparun/runmem.c
index 1165956..e5180e5 100644
--- a/src/coparun/runmem.c
+++ b/src/coparun/runmem.c
@@ -50,6 +50,41 @@ void patch_arm32_abs(uint8_t *patch_addr, uint32_t imm16)
     *((uint32_t *)patch_addr) = instr;
 }
 
+void patch_arm_thm_jump24(uint8_t *patch_addr, int32_t imm24)
+{
+    // Read the 32-bit instruction (two halfwords)
+    uint16_t *instr16 = (uint16_t *)patch_addr;
+    uint16_t first_half  = instr16[0];
+    uint16_t second_half = instr16[1];
+
+    // Thumb branch instructions always have LSB = 0 (halfword aligned)
+    // The imm24 offset in Thumb is shifted right by 1 when encoded
+    int32_t offset = imm24 >> 1;
+
+    // Split into S, J1, J2, imm10, imm11
+    uint32_t S     = (offset >> 23) & 0x1;
+    uint32_t I1    = (offset >> 22) & 0x1;
+    uint32_t I2    = (offset >> 21) & 0x1;
+    uint32_t imm10 = (offset >> 11) & 0x3FF;
+    uint32_t imm11 = offset & 0x7FF;
+
+    // Re-encode J1 and J2
+    uint32_t J1 = (~(I1 ^ S)) & 0x1;
+    uint32_t J2 = (~(I2 ^ S)) & 0x1;
+
+    // Clear old imm fields
+    first_half  &= 0xF800;           // Keep upper 5 bits
+    second_half &= 0xD000;           // Keep upper 5 bits
+
+    // Set new imm fields
+    first_half  |= (S << 10) | imm10;
+    second_half |= (J1 << 13) | (J2 << 11) | imm11;
+
+    // Write back
+    instr16[0] = first_half;
+    instr16[1] = second_half;
+}
+
 void free_memory(runmem_t *context) {
     deallocate_memory(context->executable_memory, context->executable_memory_len);
     deallocate_memory(context->data_memory, context->data_memory_len);
@@ -180,6 +215,16 @@ int parse_commands(runmem_t *context, uint8_t *bytes) {
                 patch_arm32_abs(context->executable_memory + offs, (uint32_t)((uintptr_t)(context->data_memory + value) & patch_mask) / (uint32_t)patch_scale);
                 break;
 
+            case PATCH_FUNC_ARM32_THM:
+                offs = *(uint32_t*)bytes; bytes += 4;
+                patch_mask = *(uint32_t*)bytes; bytes += 4;
+                patch_scale = *(int32_t*)bytes; bytes += 4;
+                value = *(int32_t*)bytes; bytes += 4;
+                LOG("PATCH_FUNC_ARM32_THM patch_offs=%i patch_mask=%#08x scale=%i value=%i\n",
+                    offs, patch_mask, patch_scale, value);
+                patch_arm_thm_jump24(context->executable_memory + offs, value);
+                break;
+
             case ENTRY_POINT:
                 rel_entr_point = *(uint32_t*)bytes; bytes += 4;
                 context->entr_point = (entry_point_t)(context->executable_memory + rel_entr_point);
diff --git a/src/coparun/runmem.h b/src/coparun/runmem.h
index 31e9905..371f2f3 100644
--- a/src/coparun/runmem.h
+++ b/src/coparun/runmem.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #define ALLOCATE_CODE     3
 #define COPY_CODE         4
 #define PATCH_FUNC        0x1000
+#define PATCH_FUNC_ARM32_THM   0x1005
 #define PATCH_OBJECT      0x2000
 #define PATCH_OBJECT_HI21 0x2001
 #define PATCH_OBJECT_ABS  0x2002
diff --git a/tests/test_ops_armv7thunb.py b/tests/test_ops_armv7thunb.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac67e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ops_armv7thunb.py
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+from copapy import NumLike, iif, value
+from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
+import subprocess
+from copapy import _binwrite
+import copapy.backend as backend
+import os
+import warnings
+import re
+import struct
+import pytest
+import copapy as cp
+
+if os.name == 'nt':
+    # On Windows wsl and qemu-user is required:
+    # sudo apt install qemu-user
+    qemu_command = ['wsl', 'qemu-arm']
+else:
+    qemu_command = ['qemu-arm']
+
+
+def parse_results(log_text: str) -> dict[int, bytes]:
+    regex = r"^READ_DATA offs=(\d*) size=(\d*) data=(.*)$"
+    matches = re.finditer(regex, log_text, re.MULTILINE)
+    var_dict: dict[int, bytes] = {}
+
+    for match in matches:
+        value_str: list[str] = match.group(3).strip().split(' ')
+        #print('--', value_str)
+        value = bytes(int(v, base=16) for v in value_str)
+        if len(value) <= 8:
+            var_dict[int(match.group(1))] = value
+
+    return var_dict
+
+
+def run_command(command: list[str]) -> str:
+    result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, encoding='utf8', check=False)
+    assert result.returncode != 11, f"SIGSEGV (segmentation fault)\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    assert result.returncode == 0, f"\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    return result.stdout
+
+
+def check_for_qemu() -> bool:
+    command = qemu_command + ['--version']
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, check=False)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+    return result.returncode == 0
+
+
+def function1(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 / 4, c1 / -4, c1 // 4, c1 // -4, (c1 * -1) // 4,
+            c1 * 4, c1 * -4,
+            c1 + 4, c1 - 4,
+            c1 > 2, c1 > 100, c1 < 4, c1 < 100]
+
+
+def function2(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 * 4.44, c1 * -4.44]
+
+
+def function3(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 / 4]
+
+
+def function4(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 == 9, c1 == 4, c1 != 9, c1 != 4]
+
+
+def function5(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 == True, c1 == False, c1 != True, c1 != False, c1 / 2, c1 + 2]
+
+
+def function6(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 == True]
+
+
+def iiftests(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [iif(c1 > 5, 8, 9),
+            iif(c1 < 5, 8.5, 9.5),
+            iif(1 > 5, 3.3, 8.8) + c1,
+            iif(1 < 5, c1 * 3.3, 8.8),
+            iif(c1 < 5, c1 * 3.3, 8.8)]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.runner
+def test_compile():
+    c_i = value(9)
+    c_f = value(1.111)
+    c_b = value(True)
+
+    #ret_test = function1(c_i) + function1(c_f) + function2(c_i) + function2(c_f) + function3(c_i) + function4(c_i) + function5(c_b) + [value(9) % 2] + iiftests(c_i) + iiftests(c_f) + [cp.asin(c_i/10)]
+    #ret_ref = function1(9) + function1(1.111) + function2(9) + function2(1.111) + function3(9) + function4(9) + function5(True) + [9 % 2] + iiftests(9) + iiftests(1.111) + [cp.asin(9/10)]
+
+    ret_test = (c_i * 100 + 5,)
+    ret_ref = (9 * 100 + 5,)
+
+    out = [Store(r) for r in ret_test]
+
+    sdb = backend.stencil_db_from_package('armv7thumb')
+    dw, variables = compile_to_dag(out, sdb)
+
+    #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
+    #dw.write_int(0)
+    #dw.write_int(28)
+
+    # run program command
+    #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
+    dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.DUMP_CODE)
+
+    for v in ret_test:
+        assert isinstance(v, value)
+        add_read_value_remote(dw, variables, v.net)
+
+    #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
+    #dw.write_int(0)
+    #dw.write_int(28)
+
+    dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
+
+    #print('* Data to runner:')
+    #dw.print()
+
+    dw.to_file('build/runner/test-armv7thumb.copapy')
+
+    if not check_for_qemu():
+        warnings.warn("qemu-armv7 not found, armv7 test skipped!", UserWarning)
+        return
+    if not os.path.isfile('build/runner/coparun-armv7thumb'):
+        warnings.warn("armv7thumb runner not found, armv7thumb test skipped!", UserWarning)
+        return
+
+    command = qemu_command + ['build/runner/coparun-armv7thumb', 'build/runner/test-armv7thumb.copapy'] + ['build/runner/test.copapy-armv7thumb.bin']
+    #try:
+    result = run_command(command)
+    #except FileNotFoundError:
+    #    warnings.warn(f"Test skipped, executable not found.", UserWarning)
+    #    return
+
+    print('* Output from runner:\n--')
+    print(result)
+    print('--')
+
+    assert 'Return value: 1' in result
+
+    result_data = parse_results(result)
+
+    for test, ref in zip(ret_test, ret_ref):
+        assert isinstance(test, value)
+        address = variables[test.net][0]
+        data = result_data[address]
+        if test.dtype == 'int':
+            val = int.from_bytes(data, sdb.byteorder, signed=True)
+        elif test.dtype == 'bool':
+            val = bool.from_bytes(data, sdb.byteorder)
+        elif test.dtype == 'float':
+            en = {'little': '<', 'big': '>'}[sdb.byteorder]
+            val = struct.unpack(en + 'f', data)[0]
+            assert isinstance(val, float)
+        else:
+            raise Exception(f"Unknown type: {test.dtype}")
+        print('+', val, ref, test.dtype, f"  addr={address}")
+        for t in (int, float, bool):
+            assert isinstance(val, t) == isinstance(ref, t), f"Result type does not match for {val} and {ref}"
+            assert val == pytest.approx(ref, 1e-5), f"Result does not match: {val} and reference: {ref}"  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    #test_example()
+    test_slow_31bit_int_list_hash()
diff --git a/tools/build.sh b/tools/build.sh
index b7e3cd6..fca6f7e 100644
--- a/tools/build.sh
+++ b/tools/build.sh
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ set -eux
 ARCH=${1:-x86_64}
 
 case "$ARCH" in
-    (x86_64|arm-v6|arm-v7|all)
+    (x86_64|arm-v6|arm-v7|arm-v7-thumb|all)
         ;;
     (*)
-        echo "Usage: $0 [x86_64|arm-v6|arm-v7|all]"
+        echo "Usage: $0 [x86_64|arm-v6|arm-v7|arm-v6-thumb|all]"
         exit 1
         ;;
 esac
@@ -107,3 +107,36 @@ if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
         src/coparun/mem_man.c \
         -o build/runner/coparun-armv7
 fi
+
+#######################################
+# ARM v7 thumb
+#######################################
+if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7-thumb" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
+    echo "--------------arm-v7-thumb 32 bit----------------"
+
+    LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
+
+    arm-none-eabi-gcc -fno-pic -ffunction-sections \
+        -march=armv7e-m -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb \
+        -c $SRC -O3 -o build/stencils/stencils.o
+
+    arm-none-eabi-ld -r \
+        build/stencils/stencils.o \
+        build/musl/musl_objects_armv7thumb.o \
+        $LIBGCC \
+        -o $DEST/stencils_armv7thumb_O3.o
+
+    arm-none-eabi-objdump -d -x \
+        $DEST/stencils_armv7thumb_O3.o \
+        > build/stencils/stencils_armv7thumb_O3.asm
+
+    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
+        -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb -static \
+        -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \
+        -Wshadow -Wstrict-overflow -O3 \
+        -DENABLE_LOGGING \
+        src/coparun/runmem.c \
+        src/coparun/coparun.c \
+        src/coparun/mem_man.c \
+        -o build/runner/coparun-armv7thumb
+fi
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/inspect.sh b/tools/inspect.sh
index c25e898..42fba43 100644
--- a/tools/inspect.sh
+++ b/tools/inspect.sh
@@ -14,3 +14,5 @@ objdump -D -b binary -m i386:x86-64 --adjust-vma=0x1000 build/runner/test.copapy
 
 build/runner/coparun-armv7 build/runner/test-armv7.copapy build/runner/test.copapy-armv7.bin
 arm-none-eabi-objdump -D -b binary -marm --adjust-vma=0x50000 build/runner/test.copapy-armv7.bin > build/runner/test.copapy-armv7.asm
+
+# arm-none-eabi-objdump -D -b binary -marm -M force-thumb --adjust-vma=0x50001 build/runner/test.copapy-armv7thumb.bin > build/runner/test.copapy-armv7thumb.asm

From e52cbe9e1b425462ae81296700cafce25d345818 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas Kruse <nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2026 14:26:07 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 05/27] docstrings added and descriptions for c files added

---
 src/copapy/_basic_types.py   |  2 +-
 src/copapy/_compiler.py      |  4 ++--
 src/copapy/_stencils.py      | 14 +++++++++++---
 src/coparun/coparun.c        | 12 ++++++++++++
 src/coparun/coparun_module.c |  7 +++++++
 src/coparun/mem_man.c        |  8 ++++++++
 src/coparun/runmem.c         |  7 +++++++
 src/coparun/runmem.h         |  7 +++++++
 8 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/copapy/_basic_types.py b/src/copapy/_basic_types.py
index 0a120b2..eb412f1 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_basic_types.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_basic_types.py
@@ -429,8 +429,8 @@ class Op(Node):
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return self.node_hash
 
-# Interface for vector and tensor types
 class ArrayType(Generic[TNum]):
+    """Interface for vector and tensor types."""
     def __init__(self, shape: tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
         self.shape = shape
         self.values: tuple[TNum | value[TNum], ...] = ()
diff --git a/src/copapy/_compiler.py b/src/copapy/_compiler.py
index cbade28..929b265 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_compiler.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_compiler.py
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ def get_const_nets(nodes: list[Node]) -> list[Net]:
 
 
 def add_load_ops(node_list: list[Node]) -> Generator[tuple[Net | None, Node], None, None]:
-    """Add read node before each op where arguments are not already positioned
+    """Add load/read node before each op where arguments are not already positioned
     correctly in the registers
 
     Arguments:
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def add_load_ops(node_list: list[Node]) -> Generator[tuple[Net | None, Node], No
 
 
 def add_store_ops(net_node_list: list[tuple[Net | None, Node]], const_nets: list[Net]) -> Generator[tuple[Net | None, Node], None, None]:
-    """Add write operation for each new defined net if a read operation is later followed
+    """Add store/write operation for each new defined net if a read operation is later followed
 
     Returns:
         Yields tuples of a net and a node. The associated net is provided for read and write nodes.
diff --git a/src/copapy/_stencils.py b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
index b7864c0..b746c94 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_stencils.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
@@ -32,11 +32,14 @@ class relocation_entry:
 @dataclass
 class patch_entry:
     """
-    A dataclass for representing a relocation entry
+    A dataclass for representing a patch entry
 
     Attributes:
-        addr (int): address of first byte to patch relative to the start of the symbol
-        type (RelocationType): relocation type
+        mask (int): Bit-mask to apply to the patched value
+        address (int): Address where to patch
+        value (int): The value to write at the patch address
+        scale (int): The scale factor for the patch value
+        patch_type (int): The type of patch
     """
     mask: int
     address: int
@@ -46,6 +49,11 @@ class patch_entry:
 
 
 def detect_process_arch() -> str:
+    """
+    For running the code locally in the python module
+    the architecture of the current process is detected
+    by this function to load the correct stencil database.
+    """
     bits = struct.calcsize("P") * 8
     arch = platform.machine().lower()
 
diff --git a/src/coparun/coparun.c b/src/coparun/coparun.c
index 45da6d3..10dfada 100644
--- a/src/coparun/coparun.c
+++ b/src/coparun/coparun.c
@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * file: coparun.c
+ * Description: This file alows to run copapy programs in the command line
+ * reading copapy data, code and patch instructions from a file and jump to the
+ * entry point to execute it or dump the patched code memory for debugging to a file.
+ * 
+ * It's intended for testing and debugging purposes, to run copapy programs in a
+ * debugger or emulator like qemu.
+ * 
+ * Usage: coparun <code_file> [memory_dump_file]
+ */
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include "runmem.h"
diff --git a/src/coparun/coparun_module.c b/src/coparun/coparun_module.c
index bee0dfb..1e50f29 100644
--- a/src/coparun/coparun_module.c
+++ b/src/coparun/coparun_module.c
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+/*
+ * file: coparun_module.c
+ * Description: This file defines a Python C extension module that provides an
+ * interface to the core functions of the coparun runner, to run copapy programs
+ * directly local in Python.
+ */ 
+
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
 #include <Python.h>
 #include "runmem.h"
diff --git a/src/coparun/mem_man.c b/src/coparun/mem_man.c
index 0a5bdb5..8e89978 100644
--- a/src/coparun/mem_man.c
+++ b/src/coparun/mem_man.c
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+/*
+ * file: mem_man.c
+ * Description: This file contains memory management functions for the coparun
+ * runner, including allocation and deallocation of executable and data memory.
+ * Depending of the target operating system or bare metal environment, it
+ * handles memory management accordingly.
+*/
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
diff --git a/src/coparun/runmem.c b/src/coparun/runmem.c
index 1165956..f6e54b3 100644
--- a/src/coparun/runmem.c
+++ b/src/coparun/runmem.c
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+/*
+ * file: runmem.c
+ * Description: This file contain the core functions of the runner
+ * to receive data, code and patch instruction, does the patching
+ * and jumps to the entry point of the copapy program
+ */
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
diff --git a/src/coparun/runmem.h b/src/coparun/runmem.h
index 31e9905..77fe5d2 100644
--- a/src/coparun/runmem.h
+++ b/src/coparun/runmem.h
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+/**
+ * @file runmem.h
+ * @brief Header file for runmem.c, which contains core functions of
+ * the runner to receive data, code and patch instructions, perform
+ * patching, and jump to the entry point of the copapy program.
+ */
+
 #ifndef RUNMEM_H
 #define RUNMEM_H
 

From bc0ccd90b746e7cf49437fead765fa272d6011c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 23:54:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/27] Updated pelfy and using offset_in_section instead of
 fields['st_value']

---
 src/copapy/_stencils.py | 31 +++++++++----------------------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/copapy/_stencils.py b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
index f464b3e..1c3c9ef 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_stencils.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ def get_last_call_in_function(func: pelfy.elf_symbol) -> int:
         instruction_lengths = 4 if reloc.bits < 32 else 5
         address_field_length = 4
         #print(f"-> {[r.fields['r_offset'] - func.fields['st_value'] for r in func.relocations]}")
-        return reloc.fields['r_offset'] - func.fields['st_value'] + address_field_length - instruction_lengths
+        return reloc.fields['r_offset'] - func.offset_in_section + address_field_length - instruction_lengths
 
 
 def get_op_after_last_call_in_function(func: pelfy.elf_symbol) -> int:
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def get_op_after_last_call_in_function(func: pelfy.elf_symbol) -> int:
     assert func.relocations, f'No call function in stencil function {func.name}.'
     reloc = func.relocations[-1]
     assert reloc.bits <= 32, "Relocation segment might be larger then 32 bit"
-    return reloc.fields['r_offset'] - func.fields['st_value'] + 4
+    return reloc.fields['r_offset'] - func.offset_in_section + 4
 
 
 class stencil_database():
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class stencil_database():
         var_size (dict[str, int]): dictionary of object names and their sizes
         byteorder (ByteOrder): byte order of the ELF file
         elf (elf_file): the loaded ELF file
-        thumb_mode (int): 1 if ARM in thumb mode, 0 otherwise
+        thumb_mode (bool): entry_function_shell in ARM thumb mode
     """
 
     def __init__(self, obj_file: str | bytes):
@@ -148,10 +148,7 @@ class stencil_database():
         #                 if s.info == 'STT_OBJECT'}
         self.byteorder: ByteOrder = self.elf.byteorder
 
-        self.arm = '.ARM.attributes' in self.elf.sections
-
-        # Returns 1 for ARM in thumb mode, 0 otherwise
-        self.thumb_mode = self.elf.symbols['entry_function_shell'].fields['st_value'] & 1
+        self.thumb_mode = self.elf.symbols['entry_function_shell'].thumb_mode
 
         #for name in self.function_definitions.keys():
         #    sym = self.elf.symbols[name]
@@ -194,14 +191,14 @@ class stencil_database():
         for reloc in symbol.relocations:
 
             # address to fist byte to patch relative to the start of the symbol
-            patch_offset = reloc.fields['r_offset'] - symbol.fields['st_value'] - start_index
+            patch_offset = reloc.fields['r_offset'] - symbol.offset_in_section - start_index
 
             if patch_offset < end_index - start_index:  # Exclude the call to the result_* function
                 reloc_entry = relocation_entry(reloc.symbol.name,
                                        reloc.symbol.info,
-                                       reloc.symbol.fields['st_value'],
+                                       reloc.symbol.fields['st_value'],  # LSB on ARM indicates thumb mode
                                        reloc.symbol.fields['st_shndx'],
-                                       symbol.fields['st_value'],
+                                       symbol.offset_in_section,
                                        start_index,
                                        reloc)
                 cache.append(reloc_entry)
@@ -348,10 +345,7 @@ class stencil_database():
             start_stencil, end_stencil = get_stencil_position(func)
             assert func.section
 
-            # For arm functions, mask out the thumb mode bit
-            function_offset = func.fields['st_value'] & ~int(self.arm)
-
-            start_index = func.section['sh_offset'] + function_offset + start_stencil
+            start_index = func.offset_in_file + start_stencil
             lengths = end_stencil - start_stencil
             self._stencil_cache[name] = (start_index, lengths)
 
@@ -389,7 +383,7 @@ class stencil_database():
 
     def get_symbol_offset(self, name: str) -> int:
         """Returns the offset of a specified symbol in the section."""
-        return self.elf.symbols[name].fields['st_value']
+        return self.elf.symbols[name].offset_in_section
 
     def get_symbol_section_index(self, name: str) -> int:
         """Returns the section index for a specified symbol name."""
@@ -420,13 +414,6 @@ class stencil_database():
         func = self.elf.symbols[name]
         assert func.info == 'STT_FUNC', f"{name} is not a function"
 
-        # For arm functions, mask out the thumb mode bit
-        function_offset = func.fields['st_value'] & ~int(self.arm)
-
-        start_index = func.section['sh_offset'] + function_offset
-        lengths = end_stencil - start_stencil
-
-        #return self.elf.read_bytes(start_index, func.fields['st_size'])
         if part == 'start':
             index = get_last_call_in_function(func)
             return func.data[:index]

From a81236a3fca47eafcc94e7ac6b8c93249a42ecf1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 00:51:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 07/27] 4-Byte-Alignment error on ARM thumb fixed by using
 section size instead of function size to include nop padding

---
 src/copapy/_stencils.py | 18 ++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/copapy/_stencils.py b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
index 1c3c9ef..eb81aba 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_stencils.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
@@ -80,11 +80,20 @@ def get_return_function_type(symbol: pelfy.elf_symbol) -> str:
 
 def get_stencil_position(func: pelfy.elf_symbol) -> tuple[int, int]:
     start_index = 0  # There must be no prolog
+
     # Find last relocation in function
     last_instr = get_last_call_in_function(func)
-    function_size = func.fields['st_size']
-    if last_instr + 5 >= function_size:  # Check if jump is last instruction
-        end_index = last_instr  # Jump can be striped
+
+    assert func.section, f"No code section specified for symbol {func.name}"
+
+    # func.section.fields['sh_size'] is equivalent to func.fields['st_size']
+    # expect for ARM thumb, here nop padding at the end for 4-byte alignment
+    # is not included in st_size
+    function_size = func.section.fields['sh_size']
+
+    # Check if jump is the last instruction and can be striped
+    if last_instr + 5 >= function_size:
+        end_index = last_instr
     else:
         end_index = function_size
 
@@ -98,7 +107,8 @@ def get_last_call_in_function(func: pelfy.elf_symbol) -> int:
     if reloc.symbol.name.startswith('dummy_'):
         return -0xFFFF  # Last relocation is not a jump
     else:
-        # Assume the call instruction is 4 bytes long for relocations with less than 32 bit and 5 bytes otherwise
+        # Assume the jump/call instruction is 4 bytes long for relocations
+        # with less than 32 bit and 5 bytes otherwise
         instruction_lengths = 4 if reloc.bits < 32 else 5
         address_field_length = 4
         #print(f"-> {[r.fields['r_offset'] - func.fields['st_value'] for r in func.relocations]}")

From 83ce6ce0e7f6bdf518f999351e3c877be0f55e84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 01:13:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/27] musl functions for math on ARM thumb added to stencil
 build pipeline

---
 tools/cross_compiler_unix/packobjs.sh | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/cross_compiler_unix/packobjs.sh b/tools/cross_compiler_unix/packobjs.sh
index 43bd0e9..ff5f32a 100644
--- a/tools/cross_compiler_unix/packobjs.sh
+++ b/tools/cross_compiler_unix/packobjs.sh
@@ -25,14 +25,16 @@ ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a sinf.o cosf.o tanf.o asinf.o acosf.o atanf.o atan2f.o
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a sqrtf.o logf.o expf.o sqrt.o
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a logf_data.o __tandf.o __cosdf.o __sindf.o
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a fabsf.o scalbn.o floor.o floorf.o exp2f_data.o powf.o powf_data.o
-ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a __rem_pio2f.o __math_invalidf.o __stack_chk_fail.o __math_divzerof.o __math_oflowf.o __rem_pio2_large.o __math_uflowf.o __math_xflowf.o
+ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a __rem_pio2f.o __math_invalid.o __math_invalidf.o __stack_chk_fail.o
+ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a __math_divzerof.o __math_oflowf.o __rem_pio2_large.o __math_uflowf.o __math_xflowf.o __rsqrt_tab.o
 
 # Check out .lo (PIC)
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a sinf.lo cosf.lo tanf.lo asinf.lo acosf.lo atanf.lo atan2f.lo
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a sqrtf.lo logf.lo expf.lo sqrt.lo
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a logf_data.lo __tandf.lo __cosdf.lo __sindf.lo
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a fabsf.lo scalbn.lo floor.lo floorf.o exp2f_data.lo powf.lo powf_data.lo
-ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a __rem_pio2f.lo __math_invalidf.lo __stack_chk_fail.lo __math_divzerof.lo __math_oflowf.lo __rem_pio2_large.lo __math_uflowf.lo __math_xflowf.lo
+ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a __rem_pio2f.lo __math_invalid.lo __math_invalidf.lo __stack_chk_fail.lo
+ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a __math_divzerof.lo __math_oflowf.lo __rem_pio2_large.lo __math_uflowf.lo __math_xflowf.lo __rsqrt_tab.lo
 
 cd ../../musl
 

From cabfda4ec6977a71e3a99b4dc613381a88c6ae0a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 22:07:27 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 09/27] CI: stencil build script updated with Cortex-A Thumb
 version

---
 tools/cross_compiler_unix/build_musl.sh | 5 ++++-
 tools/cross_compiler_unix/packobjs.sh   | 4 ++--
 tools/crosscompile.sh                   | 9 +++++++--
 3 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/cross_compiler_unix/build_musl.sh b/tools/cross_compiler_unix/build_musl.sh
index 2f16b1e..3f7b50e 100644
--- a/tools/cross_compiler_unix/build_musl.sh
+++ b/tools/cross_compiler_unix/build_musl.sh
@@ -26,8 +26,11 @@ sh ../packobjs.sh arm-none-eabi-gcc arm-none-eabi-ld /object_files/musl_objects_
 # Armv7
 sh ../packobjs.sh arm-none-eabi-gcc arm-none-eabi-ld /object_files/musl_objects_armv7.o "-march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -marm"
 
+# Armv7 Thumb for Cortex-A
+sh ../packobjs.sh arm-none-eabi-gcc arm-none-eabi-ld /object_files/musl_objects_armv7thumb.o "-march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb"
+
 # Armv7 Thumb for Cortex-M3..7
-sh ../packobjs.sh arm-none-eabi-gcc arm-none-eabi-ld /object_files/musl_objects_armv7thumb.o "-march=armv7e-m -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb"
+sh ../packobjs.sh arm-none-eabi-gcc arm-none-eabi-ld /object_files/musl_objects_armv7mthumb.o "-march=armv7e-m -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb"
 
 #sh ../packobjs.sh mips mips-linux-gnu-gcc-13 mips-linux-gnu-ld
 
diff --git a/tools/cross_compiler_unix/packobjs.sh b/tools/cross_compiler_unix/packobjs.sh
index ff5f32a..98e3c17 100644
--- a/tools/cross_compiler_unix/packobjs.sh
+++ b/tools/cross_compiler_unix/packobjs.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a sqrtf.o logf.o expf.o sqrt.o
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a logf_data.o __tandf.o __cosdf.o __sindf.o
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a fabsf.o scalbn.o floor.o floorf.o exp2f_data.o powf.o powf_data.o
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a __rem_pio2f.o __math_invalid.o __math_invalidf.o __stack_chk_fail.o
-ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a __math_divzerof.o __math_oflowf.o __rem_pio2_large.o __math_uflowf.o __math_xflowf.o __rsqrt_tab.o
+ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a __math_divzerof.o __math_oflowf.o __rem_pio2_large.o __math_uflowf.o __math_xflowf.o sqrt_data.o
 
 # Check out .lo (PIC)
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a sinf.lo cosf.lo tanf.lo asinf.lo acosf.lo atanf.lo atan2f.lo
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a sqrtf.lo logf.lo expf.lo sqrt.lo
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a logf_data.lo __tandf.lo __cosdf.lo __sindf.lo
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a fabsf.lo scalbn.lo floor.lo floorf.o exp2f_data.lo powf.lo powf_data.lo
 ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a __rem_pio2f.lo __math_invalid.lo __math_invalidf.lo __stack_chk_fail.lo
-ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a __math_divzerof.lo __math_oflowf.lo __rem_pio2_large.lo __math_uflowf.lo __math_xflowf.lo __rsqrt_tab.lo
+ar x ../../musl/lib/libc.a __math_divzerof.lo __math_oflowf.lo __rem_pio2_large.lo __math_uflowf.lo __math_xflowf.lo sqrt_data.lo
 
 cd ../../musl
 
diff --git a/tools/crosscompile.sh b/tools/crosscompile.sh
index 9494ff2..29a15ca 100644
--- a/tools/crosscompile.sh
+++ b/tools/crosscompile.sh
@@ -36,15 +36,20 @@ arm-none-eabi-gcc -march=armv6 -mfpu=vfp -mfloat-abi=hard -marm $FLAGS -$OPT -c
 LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
 arm-none-eabi-ld -r $STMP /object_files/musl_objects_armv6.o $LIBGCC -o $DEST/stencils_armv6_$OPT.o
 
-# ARMv7 hardware fp
+# ARMv7 hardware fp for Cortex-A
 arm-none-eabi-gcc -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -marm $FLAGS -$OPT -c $SRC -o $STMP
 LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
 arm-none-eabi-ld -r $STMP /object_files/musl_objects_armv7.o $LIBGCC -o $DEST/stencils_armv7_$OPT.o
 
+# ARMv7 Thumb for Cortex-A with hardware fp
+arm-none-eabi-gcc -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb $FLAGS -$OPT -c $SRC -o $STMP
+LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
+arm-none-eabi-ld -r $STMP /object_files/musl_objects_armv7thumb.o $LIBGCC -o $DEST/stencils_armv7thumb_$OPT.o
+
 # Armv7 Thumb for Cortex-M3..7 hardware fp
 arm-none-eabi-gcc -march=armv7e-m -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb $FLAGS -$OPT -c $SRC -o $STMP
 LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
-arm-none-eabi-ld -r $STMP /object_files/musl_objects_armv7thumb.o $LIBGCC -o $DEST/stencils_armv7thumb_$OPT.o
+arm-none-eabi-ld -r $STMP /object_files/musl_objects_armv7mthumb.o $LIBGCC -o $DEST/stencils_armv7mthumb_$OPT.o
 
 # PowerPC64LE
 # powerpc64le-linux-gnu-gcc-13 $FLAGS -$OPT -c $SRC -o $DEST/stencils_ppc64le_$OPT.o

From 436a09c1eac61cbab068520c76066063cdc460e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 22:08:22 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 10/27] copy method to data_writer added

---
 src/copapy/_binwrite.py | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/copapy/_binwrite.py b/src/copapy/_binwrite.py
index a12d82b..e1d7c90 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_binwrite.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_binwrite.py
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ class data_writer():
         self._data: list[tuple[str, bytes, int]] = []
         self.byteorder: ByteOrder = byteorder
 
+    def copy(self):
+        cp = data_writer(self.byteorder)
+        cp._data = self._data.copy()
+        return cp
+
     def write_int(self, value: int, num_bytes: int = 4, signed: bool = False) -> None:
         self._data.append((f"INT {value}", value.to_bytes(length=num_bytes, byteorder=self.byteorder, signed=signed), 0))
 

From afc442ada62053d16e78b0cec6f4d34237907f45 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 22:09:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/27] stencil build script updated

---
 tools/build.sh | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/build.sh b/tools/build.sh
index fca6f7e..4af186a 100644
--- a/tools/build.sh
+++ b/tools/build.sh
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-set -eux
+set -eu
 
 ARCH=${1:-x86_64}
 
 case "$ARCH" in
-    (x86_64|arm-v6|arm-v7|arm-v7-thumb|all)
+    (x86_64|arm-v6|arm-v7|arm-v7-thumb|arm-v7m-thumb|all)
         ;;
     (*)
-        echo "Usage: $0 [x86_64|arm-v6|arm-v7|arm-v6-thumb|all]"
+        echo "Usage: $0 [x86_64|arm-v6|arm-v7|arm-v6-thumb|arm-v7m-thumb|all]"
         exit 1
         ;;
 esac
@@ -109,20 +109,20 @@ if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
 fi
 
 #######################################
-# ARM v7 thumb
+# ARM v7 thumb Cortex-A
 #######################################
 if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7-thumb" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
-    echo "--------------arm-v7-thumb 32 bit----------------"
+    echo "--------------arm-v7a-thumb 32 bit----------------"
 
     LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
 
     arm-none-eabi-gcc -fno-pic -ffunction-sections \
-        -march=armv7e-m -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb \
+        -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb \
         -c $SRC -O3 -o build/stencils/stencils.o
 
     arm-none-eabi-ld -r \
         build/stencils/stencils.o \
-        build/musl/musl_objects_armv7thumb.o \
+        build/musl/musl_objects_armv7.o \
         $LIBGCC \
         -o $DEST/stencils_armv7thumb_O3.o
 
@@ -130,6 +130,39 @@ if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7-thumb" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
         $DEST/stencils_armv7thumb_O3.o \
         > build/stencils/stencils_armv7thumb_O3.asm
 
+    arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
+        -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb -static \
+        -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \
+        -Wshadow -Wstrict-overflow -O3 \
+        -DENABLE_LOGGING \
+        src/coparun/runmem.c \
+        src/coparun/coparun.c \
+        src/coparun/mem_man.c \
+        -o build/runner/coparun-armv7thumb
+fi
+
+#######################################
+# ARM v7 thumb Cortex-M
+#######################################
+if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7m-thumb" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
+    echo "--------------arm-v7m-thumb 32 bit----------------"
+
+    LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
+
+    arm-none-eabi-gcc -fno-pic -ffunction-sections \
+        -march=armv7e-m -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb \
+        -c $SRC -O3 -o build/stencils/stencils.o
+
+    arm-none-eabi-ld -r \
+        build/stencils/stencils.o \
+        build/musl/musl_objects_armv7mthumb.o \
+        $LIBGCC \
+        -o $DEST/stencils_armv7mthumb_O3.o
+
+    arm-none-eabi-objdump -d -x \
+        $DEST/stencils_armv7mthumb_O3.o \
+        > build/stencils/stencils_armv7mthumb_O3.asm
+
     arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
         -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb -static \
         -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \

From 8fcf0dedac588777df63e1fcbbcb3cc3fd2814d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 21:28:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 12/27] patch type added: PATCH_OBJECT_ARM32_ABS_THM (for
 R_ARM_THM_MOVW_ABS_NC and R_ARM_THM_MOVT_ABS)

---
 src/copapy/_binwrite.py |  1 +
 src/coparun/runmem.c    | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 src/coparun/runmem.h    |  1 +
 3 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/copapy/_binwrite.py b/src/copapy/_binwrite.py
index e1d7c90..1af2ee3 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_binwrite.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_binwrite.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Command = Enum('Command', [('ALLOCATE_DATA', 1), ('COPY_DATA', 2),
                            ('PATCH_OBJECT_ABS', 0x2002),
                            ('PATCH_OBJECT_REL', 0x2003),
                            ('PATCH_OBJECT_ARM32_ABS', 0x2004),
+                           ('PATCH_OBJECT_ARM32_ABS_THM', 0x2006),
                            ('ENTRY_POINT', 7),
                            ('RUN_PROG', 64), ('READ_DATA', 65),
                            ('END_COM', 256), ('FREE_MEMORY', 257), ('DUMP_CODE', 258)])
diff --git a/src/coparun/runmem.c b/src/coparun/runmem.c
index e5180e5..b905e97 100644
--- a/src/coparun/runmem.c
+++ b/src/coparun/runmem.c
@@ -50,6 +50,32 @@ void patch_arm32_abs(uint8_t *patch_addr, uint32_t imm16)
     *((uint32_t *)patch_addr) = instr;
 }
 
+void patch_arm_thm_abs(uint8_t *patch_addr, uint32_t imm16)
+{
+    // Thumb MOVW (T3) / MOVT (T1) encoding
+    
+    uint16_t *instr16 = (uint16_t *)patch_addr;
+    uint16_t first_half = instr16[0];
+    uint16_t second_half = instr16[1];
+
+    // Extract fields from imm16
+    uint32_t imm4 = (imm16 >> 12) & 0xF;
+    uint32_t i    = (imm16 >> 11) & 0x1;
+    uint32_t imm3 = (imm16 >> 8) & 0x7;
+    uint32_t imm8 = imm16 & 0xFF;
+
+    // Clear bits
+    first_half &= (uint16_t)(~(0x000F | (1 << 10)));
+    second_half &= (uint16_t)(~(0x00FF | (0x7 << 12)));
+
+    // Set new fields
+    first_half |= (uint16_t)((imm4 << 0) | (i << 10));
+    second_half |= (uint16_t)(imm8 | (imm3 << 12));
+
+    instr16[0] = first_half;
+    instr16[1] = second_half;
+}
+
 void patch_arm_thm_jump24(uint8_t *patch_addr, int32_t imm24)
 {
     // Read the 32-bit instruction (two halfwords)
@@ -77,8 +103,8 @@ void patch_arm_thm_jump24(uint8_t *patch_addr, int32_t imm24)
     second_half &= 0xD000;           // Keep upper 5 bits
 
     // Set new imm fields
-    first_half  |= (S << 10) | imm10;
-    second_half |= (J1 << 13) | (J2 << 11) | imm11;
+    first_half  |= (uint16_t)((S << 10) | imm10);
+    second_half |= (uint16_t)((J1 << 13) | (J2 << 11) | imm11);
 
     // Write back
     instr16[0] = first_half;
@@ -225,6 +251,16 @@ int parse_commands(runmem_t *context, uint8_t *bytes) {
                 patch_arm_thm_jump24(context->executable_memory + offs, value);
                 break;
 
+            case PATCH_OBJECT_ARM32_ABS_THM:
+                offs = *(uint32_t*)bytes; bytes += 4;
+                patch_mask = *(uint32_t*)bytes; bytes += 4;
+                patch_scale = *(int32_t*)bytes; bytes += 4;
+                value = *(int32_t*)bytes; bytes += 4;
+                LOG("PATCH_OBJECT_ARM32_ABS_THM patch_offs=%i patch_mask=%#08x scale=%i value=%i imm16=%#04x\n",
+                    offs, patch_mask, patch_scale, value, (uint32_t)((uintptr_t)(context->data_memory + value) & patch_mask) / (uint32_t)patch_scale);
+                patch_arm_thm_abs(context->executable_memory + offs, (uint32_t)((uintptr_t)(context->data_memory + value) & patch_mask) / (uint32_t)patch_scale);
+                break;
+
             case ENTRY_POINT:
                 rel_entr_point = *(uint32_t*)bytes; bytes += 4;
                 context->entr_point = (entry_point_t)(context->executable_memory + rel_entr_point);
diff --git a/src/coparun/runmem.h b/src/coparun/runmem.h
index 371f2f3..17da047 100644
--- a/src/coparun/runmem.h
+++ b/src/coparun/runmem.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #define PATCH_OBJECT_ABS  0x2002
 #define PATCH_OBJECT_REL  0x2003
 #define PATCH_OBJECT_ARM32_ABS 0x2004
+#define PATCH_OBJECT_ARM32_ABS_THM 0x2006
 #define ENTRY_POINT       7
 #define RUN_PROG         64
 #define READ_DATA        65

From c7c8db633230abf7defb107a899c74d56973cf62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 21:28:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 13/27] R_ARM_THM_MOV* support added

---
 src/copapy/_compiler.py |  6 +++---
 src/copapy/_stencils.py | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/copapy/_compiler.py b/src/copapy/_compiler.py
index cd42d41..156fbe9 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_compiler.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_compiler.py
@@ -393,14 +393,14 @@ def compile_to_dag(node_list: Iterable[Node], sdb: stencil_database) -> tuple[bi
     # assemble stencils to main program and patch stencils
     data = sdb.get_function_code('entry_function_shell', 'start')
     data_list.append(data)
-    print(f"* entry_function_shell (0) " + ' '.join(f'{d:02X}' for d in data))
+    #print(f"* entry_function_shell (0) " + ' '.join(f'{d:02X}' for d in data))
     offset = aux_func_len + len(data)
 
     for associated_net, node in extended_output_ops:
         assert node.name in sdb.stencil_definitions, f"- Warning: {node.name} stencil not found"
         data = sdb.get_stencil_code(node.name)
         data_list.append(data)
-        print(f"* {node.name} ({offset}) " + ' '.join(f'{d:02X}' for d in data))
+        #print(f"* {node.name} ({offset}) " + ' '.join(f'{d:02X}' for d in data))
 
         for reloc in sdb.get_relocations(node.name, stencil=True):
             if reloc.target_symbol_info in ('STT_OBJECT', 'STT_NOTYPE', 'STT_SECTION'):
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ def compile_to_dag(node_list: Iterable[Node], sdb: stencil_database) -> tuple[bi
         for reloc in sdb.get_relocations(name):
 
             if not reloc.target_section_index:
-                assert reloc.pelfy_reloc.type == 'R_ARM_V4BX', (reloc.pelfy_reloc.type, name)
+                assert reloc.pelfy_reloc.type == 'R_ARM_V4BX', (reloc.pelfy_reloc.type, name, reloc.pelfy_reloc.symbol.name)
 
             elif reloc.target_symbol_info in {'STT_OBJECT', 'STT_NOTYPE', 'STT_SECTION'}:
                 # Patch constants/variable addresses on heap
diff --git a/src/copapy/_stencils.py b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
index eb81aba..a317ea6 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_stencils.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Generator, Literal, Iterable, TYPE_CHECKING
 import struct
 import platform
+import os
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import pelfy
@@ -46,6 +47,10 @@ class patch_entry:
 
 
 def detect_process_arch() -> str:
+    cp_target_arch = os.environ.get("CP_TARGET_ARCH")
+    if cp_target_arch:
+        return cp_target_arch
+
     bits = struct.calcsize("P") * 8
     arch = platform.machine().lower()
 
@@ -305,21 +310,20 @@ class stencil_database():
             scale = 8
             #print(f" *> {patch_value=} {symbol_address=} {pr.fields['r_addend']=}, {function_offset=}")
 
-        elif pr.type.endswith('_MOVW_ABS_NC'):
-            # R_ARM_MOVW_ABS_NC
+        elif pr.type == 'R_ARM_MOVW_ABS_NC':
             # (S + A) & 0xFFFF
             mask = 0xFFFF
             patch_value = symbol_address + pr.fields['r_addend']
             symbol_type = symbol_type + 0x04  # Absolut value
             #print(f" *> {pr.type} {patch_value=} {symbol_address=}, {function_offset=}")
 
-        elif pr.type.endswith('_MOVT_ABS'):
-            # R_ARM_MOVT_ABS
+        elif pr.type =='R_ARM_MOVT_ABS':
             # (S + A) & 0xFFFF0000
             mask = 0xFFFF0000
             patch_value = symbol_address + pr.fields['r_addend']
             symbol_type = symbol_type + 0x04  # Absolut value
             scale = 0x10000
+            #print(f" *> {pr.type} {patch_value=} {symbol_address=}, {function_offset=}, {pr.fields['r_addend']=}")
 
         elif pr.type.endswith('_ABS32'):
             # R_ARM_ABS32
@@ -330,9 +334,24 @@ class stencil_database():
         elif pr.type.endswith('_THM_JUMP24') or pr.type.endswith('_THM_CALL'):
             # R_ARM_THM_JUMP24
             # S + A - P
-            #assert pr.fields['r_addend'] == 0, pr.fields['r_addend']
-            patch_value = symbol_address - (patch_offset + 4)  #+ pr.fields['r_addend']
+            patch_value = symbol_address - patch_offset  + pr.fields['r_addend']
             symbol_type = symbol_type + 0x05  # PATCH_FUNC_ARM32_THM
+            #print(f" *> {pr.type} {patch_value=} {symbol_address=} {pr.fields['r_addend']=} {pr.bits=}, {function_offset=} {patch_offset=}")
+
+        elif pr.type == 'R_ARM_THM_MOVW_ABS_NC':
+            # (S + A) & 0xFFFF
+            mask = 0xFFFF
+            patch_value = symbol_address + pr.fields['r_addend']
+            symbol_type = symbol_type + 0x06  # PATCH_OBJECT_ARM32_ABS_THM
+            #print(f" *> {pr.type} {patch_value=} {symbol_address=}, {function_offset=}, {pr.fields['r_addend']=}")
+        
+        elif pr.type == 'R_ARM_THM_MOVT_ABS':
+            # (S + A) & 0xFFFF0000
+            mask = 0xFFFF0000
+            patch_value = symbol_address + pr.fields['r_addend']
+            symbol_type = symbol_type + 0x06  # PATCH_OBJECT_ARM32_ABS_THM
+            scale = 0x10000
+            #print(f" *> {pr.type} {patch_value=} {symbol_address=}, {function_offset=}, {pr.fields['r_addend']=}")
 
         else:
             raise NotImplementedError(f"Relocation type {pr.type} in {relocation.pelfy_reloc.target_section.name} pointing to {relocation.pelfy_reloc.symbol.name} not implemented")

From 2eb49cc2e5fddbb52bcd1d268e867ece07dc49cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 21:29:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 14/27] test for ARM thumb updated

---
 ...s_armv7thunb.py => test_ops_armv7thumb.py} | 45 ++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 rename tests/{test_ops_armv7thunb.py => test_ops_armv7thumb.py} (77%)

diff --git a/tests/test_ops_armv7thunb.py b/tests/test_ops_armv7thumb.py
similarity index 77%
rename from tests/test_ops_armv7thunb.py
rename to tests/test_ops_armv7thumb.py
index ac67e51..983510e 100644
--- a/tests/test_ops_armv7thunb.py
+++ b/tests/test_ops_armv7thumb.py
@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ def function1(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
             c1 + 4, c1 - 4,
             c1 > 2, c1 > 100, c1 < 4, c1 < 100]
 
+def function1ex(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 // 4]
+
 
 def function2(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
     return [c1 * 4.44, c1 * -4.44]
@@ -90,24 +93,21 @@ def test_compile():
     c_f = value(1.111)
     c_b = value(True)
 
-    #ret_test = function1(c_i) + function1(c_f) + function2(c_i) + function2(c_f) + function3(c_i) + function4(c_i) + function5(c_b) + [value(9) % 2] + iiftests(c_i) + iiftests(c_f) + [cp.asin(c_i/10)]
-    #ret_ref = function1(9) + function1(1.111) + function2(9) + function2(1.111) + function3(9) + function4(9) + function5(True) + [9 % 2] + iiftests(9) + iiftests(1.111) + [cp.asin(9/10)]
-
-    ret_test = (c_i * 100 + 5,)
-    ret_ref = (9 * 100 + 5,)
+    ret_test = function1(c_i) + function1(c_f) + function2(c_i) + function2(c_f) + function3(c_i) + function4(c_i) + function5(c_b) + [value(9) % 2] + iiftests(c_i) + iiftests(c_f) + [cp.asin(c_i/10)]
+    ret_ref = function1(9) + function1(1.111) + function2(9) + function2(1.111) + function3(9) + function4(9) + function5(True) + [9 % 2] + iiftests(9) + iiftests(1.111) + [cp.asin(9/10)]
 
     out = [Store(r) for r in ret_test]
 
-    sdb = backend.stencil_db_from_package('armv7thumb')
+    sdb = backend.stencil_db_from_package('armv7mthumb')
     dw, variables = compile_to_dag(out, sdb)
 
     #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
     #dw.write_int(0)
     #dw.write_int(28)
 
-    # run program command
-    #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
-    dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.DUMP_CODE)
+    du = dw.copy()
+    dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
+    du.write_com(_binwrite.Command.DUMP_CODE)
 
     for v in ret_test:
         assert isinstance(v, value)
@@ -118,11 +118,13 @@ def test_compile():
     #dw.write_int(28)
 
     dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
+    du.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
 
     #print('* Data to runner:')
     #dw.print()
 
     dw.to_file('build/runner/test-armv7thumb.copapy')
+    du.to_file('build/runner/test-armv7thumb-dump.copapy')
 
     if not check_for_qemu():
         warnings.warn("qemu-armv7 not found, armv7 test skipped!", UserWarning)
@@ -131,12 +133,14 @@ def test_compile():
         warnings.warn("armv7thumb runner not found, armv7thumb test skipped!", UserWarning)
         return
 
-    command = qemu_command + ['build/runner/coparun-armv7thumb', 'build/runner/test-armv7thumb.copapy'] + ['build/runner/test.copapy-armv7thumb.bin']
-    #try:
+    print('----- Dump code...')
+    command = qemu_command + ['build/runner/coparun-armv7thumb', 'build/runner/test-armv7thumb-dump.copapy', 'build/runner/test.copapy-armv7thumb.bin']
     result = run_command(command)
-    #except FileNotFoundError:
-    #    warnings.warn(f"Test skipped, executable not found.", UserWarning)
-    #    return
+
+    print('----- Run code...')
+    command = qemu_command + ['build/runner/coparun-armv7thumb', 'build/runner/test-armv7thumb.copapy']
+    result = run_command(command)
+
 
     print('* Output from runner:\n--')
     print(result)
@@ -167,5 +171,14 @@ def test_compile():
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    #test_example()
-    test_slow_31bit_int_list_hash()
+    test_compile()
+
+
+"""
+qemu-arm -d in_asm,exec,cpu_reset -D qemu.log build/runner/coparun-armv7thumb build/runner/test-armv7thumb.copapy build/runner/test.copapy-armv7thumb.bin
+
+qemu-arm -d in_asm,exec -D qemu_trace.log \
+  -global driver=pl011.audiomaddr,property=addr,value=0xff7ec000 \
+  -global driver=pl011.audiomaddr,property=size,value=0x100000 \
+  your_binary
+"""
\ No newline at end of file

From accb03f042c049ca78d07546f84c878ae2cdea9e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 21:31:07 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 15/27] Fix in test function "get_42"

---
 src/copapy/_math.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/copapy/_math.py b/src/copapy/_math.py
index dd26bf6..fcd14c9 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_math.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_math.py
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ def get_42(x: value[Any]) -> value[float]: ...
 def get_42(x: NumLike) -> value[float] | float:
     """Returns the value representing the constant 42"""
     if isinstance(x, value):
-        return add_op('get_42', [x, x])
+        return add_op('get_42', [x])
     return float((int(x) * 3.0 + 42.0) * 5.0 + 21.0)
 
 

From d2069d5d07b9b3268c9e12d6e92fc7f8c2d35619 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 21:32:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 16/27] build script for local stencil builds updated for
 ARM64, ARM-Thumb and ARM-CortexM-Thumb

---
 tools/build.sh | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/build.sh b/tools/build.sh
index 4af186a..28679fd 100644
--- a/tools/build.sh
+++ b/tools/build.sh
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ set -eu
 ARCH=${1:-x86_64}
 
 case "$ARCH" in
-    (x86_64|arm-v6|arm-v7|arm-v7-thumb|arm-v7m-thumb|all)
+    (x86_64|arm64|arm-v6|arm-v7|arm-v7-thumb|arm-v7m-thumb|all)
         ;;
     (*)
-        echo "Usage: $0 [x86_64|arm-v6|arm-v7|arm-v6-thumb|arm-v7m-thumb|all]"
+        echo "Usage: $0 [x86_64|arm64|arm-v6|arm-v7|arm-v6-thumb|arm-v7m-thumb|all]"
         exit 1
         ;;
 esac
@@ -42,13 +42,44 @@ if [[ "$ARCH" == "x86_64" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
         -o build/runner/coparun
 fi
 
+#######################################
+# ARM 64
+#######################################
+if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm64" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
+    echo "--------------arm64----------------"
+
+    LIBGCC=$(aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
+
+    aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -fno-pic -ffunction-sections \
+        -c $SRC -O3 -o build/stencils/stencils.o
+
+    aarch64-linux-gnu-ld -r \
+        build/stencils/stencils.o \
+        build/musl/musl_objects_arm64.o \
+        $LIBGCC \
+        -o $DEST/stencils_arm64_O3.o
+
+    aarch64-linux-gnu-objdump -d -x \
+        $DEST/stencils_arm64_O3.o \
+        > build/stencils/stencils_arm64_O3.asm
+
+    aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
+        -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion -static \
+        -Wshadow -Wstrict-overflow -O3 \
+        -DENABLE_LOGGING \
+        src/coparun/runmem.c \
+        src/coparun/coparun.c \
+        src/coparun/mem_man.c \
+        -o build/runner/coparun-arm64
+fi
+
 #######################################
 # ARM v6
 #######################################
 if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v6" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
     echo "--------------arm-v6 32 bit----------------"
 
-    LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
+    LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -march=armv6 -mfpu=vfp -mfloat-abi=hard -marm -print-libgcc-file-name)
 
     arm-none-eabi-gcc -fno-pic -ffunction-sections \
         -march=armv6 -mfpu=vfp -mfloat-abi=hard -marm \
@@ -81,7 +112,7 @@ fi
 if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
     echo "--------------arm-v7 32 bit----------------"
 
-    LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
+    LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -marm -print-libgcc-file-name)
 
     arm-none-eabi-gcc -fno-pic -ffunction-sections \
         -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -marm \
@@ -114,7 +145,7 @@ fi
 if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7-thumb" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
     echo "--------------arm-v7a-thumb 32 bit----------------"
 
-    LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
+    LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -march=armv7 -mfpu=vfp3 -mthumb -print-libgcc-file-name)
 
     arm-none-eabi-gcc -fno-pic -ffunction-sections \
         -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb \
@@ -122,7 +153,7 @@ if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7-thumb" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
 
     arm-none-eabi-ld -r \
         build/stencils/stencils.o \
-        build/musl/musl_objects_armv7.o \
+        build/musl/musl_objects_armv7thumb.o \
         $LIBGCC \
         -o $DEST/stencils_armv7thumb_O3.o
 
@@ -147,7 +178,7 @@ fi
 if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7m-thumb" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
     echo "--------------arm-v7m-thumb 32 bit----------------"
 
-    LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
+    LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -march=armv7e-m -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb -print-libgcc-file-name)
 
     arm-none-eabi-gcc -fno-pic -ffunction-sections \
         -march=armv7e-m -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb \

From dd7fb12c64e4ecbbef6b39955ed02ca8e62e1a5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 21:32:45 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 17/27] Helper bash script added for debugging ARM thumb
 stencils

---
 tools/test_thumb_stancils.sh | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 tools/test_thumb_stancils.sh

diff --git a/tools/test_thumb_stancils.sh b/tools/test_thumb_stancils.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7fec81e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/test_thumb_stancils.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+bash tools/build.sh arm-v7-thumb
+python tests/test_ops_armv7thumb.py
+qemu-arm -d in_asm -D qemu.log build/runner/coparun-armv7thumb build/runner/test-armv7thumb.copapy build/runner/test.copapy-armv7thumb.bin
+arm-none-eabi-objdump -D -b binary -marm -M force-thumb --adjust-vma=0xff7ed000 build/runner/test.copapy-armv7thumb.bin > build/runner/test.copapy-armv7thumb.asm
\ No newline at end of file

From 7f963d7e43d0ca555e01aee6c79bcc2d5be30ec9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 21:33:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 18/27] CI: Testing for ARMv7 extended to armv7thumb and
 armv7mthumb

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 349f366..9f6864e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -214,6 +214,10 @@ jobs:
                   gcc -O3 -static -DENABLE_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
                   src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c && \
                   pytest && \
+                  export CP_TARGET_ARCH=armv7thumb && \
+                  pytest && \
+                  export CP_TARGET_ARCH=armv7mthumb && \
+                  pytest && \
                   bash tools/create_asm.sh"
 
     - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4

From 7a3088ec48a8ddf95792d0ec66f9c64c06b291fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 13:05:47 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 19/27] added add_sign_int32 function, since pelfy returns
 addend-values for 32 bit x86 as unsigned int32

---
 src/copapy/_stencils.py | 12 ++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/copapy/_stencils.py b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
index f9bd866..001d15d 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_stencils.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
@@ -135,6 +135,11 @@ def get_op_after_last_call_in_function(func: pelfy.elf_symbol) -> int:
     return reloc.fields['r_offset'] - func.offset_in_section + 4
 
 
+def add_sign_int32(value: int) -> int:
+    """Convert a 32-bit unsigned integer to a signed integer."""
+    return value - 0x100000000 if value > 0x7FFFFFFF else value
+
+
 class stencil_database():
     """A class for loading and querying a stencil database from an ELF object file
 
@@ -226,6 +231,7 @@ class stencil_database():
                 cache.append(reloc_entry)
                 yield reloc_entry
 
+
     def get_patch(self, relocation: relocation_entry, symbol_address: int, function_offset: int, symbol_type: int) -> patch_entry:
         """Return patch positions for a provided symbol (function or object)
 
@@ -251,12 +257,14 @@ class stencil_database():
 
         if pr.type.endswith('64_PC32') or pr.type.endswith('64_PLT32'):
             # S + A - P
-            patch_value = symbol_address + pr.fields['r_addend'] - patch_offset
+            addend = add_sign_int32(pr.fields['r_addend'])
+            patch_value = symbol_address + addend - patch_offset
             #print(f" *> {pr.type} {patch_value=} {symbol_address=} {pr.fields['r_addend']=} {pr.bits=}, {function_offset=} {patch_offset=}")
 
         elif pr.type == 'R_386_PC32':
             # S + A - P
-            patch_value = symbol_address + pr.fields['r_addend'] - patch_offset
+            addend = add_sign_int32(pr.fields['r_addend'])
+            patch_value = symbol_address + addend - patch_offset
             #print(f" *> {pr.type}     {pr.symbol.name} {patch_value=} {symbol_address=} {pr.fields['r_addend']=} {bin(pr.fields['r_addend'])} {pr.bits=}, {function_offset=} {patch_offset=}")
 
         elif pr.type == 'R_386_32':

From 04cdf50a04f7ec62a7d08b2de93faa217230307b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 13:24:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 20/27] Updated pelfy dependency

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml |  8 ++++----
 pyproject.toml           | 18 +++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 9f6864e..e1c3203 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Use ARM64 container
       run: |
         docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm64 ghcr.io/nonannet/arm64_test:1 \
-        bash -lc "pip install . && \
+        bash -lc "pip install .[mindev] && \
                   mkdir -p build/runner && \
                   gcc -O3 -static -DENABLE_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
                   src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c && \
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Use ARMv6 container
       run: |
         docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm/v6 ghcr.io/nonannet/armv6_test:1 \
-        bash -lc "pip install . && \
+        bash -lc "pip install .[mindev] && \
                   mkdir -p build/runner && \
                   gcc -O3 -static -DENABLE_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
                   src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c && \
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Use ARMv7 container
       run: |
         docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm/v7 ghcr.io/nonannet/armv7_test:1 \
-        bash -lc "pip install . && \
+        bash -lc "pip install .[mindev] && \
                   mkdir -p build/runner && \
                   gcc -O3 -static -DENABLE_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
                   src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c && \
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ jobs:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
     - name: Install Python dependencies
-      run: python -m pip install .[dev]
+      run: python -m pip install .[mindev]
 
     - name: Set up MSVC environment
       uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v2
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index d5643c8..1ee53ec 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 name = "copapy"
 dynamic = ["version"]
 authors = [
-  { name="Nicolas Kruse", email="nicolas.kruse@nonan.net" },
+    { name="Nicolas Kruse", email="nicolas.kruse@nonan.net" },
 ]
 description = "Copy-Patch Compiler"
 readme = "README.md"
@@ -45,14 +45,18 @@ dev = [
     "ruff",
     "mypy",
     "pytest",
-    "pelfy>=1.0.7"
+    "pelfy>=1.0.8"
+]
+mindev = [
+    "pytest",
+    "pelfy>=1.0.8"
 ]
 doc_build = [
-  "sphinx",
-  "pydata_sphinx_theme",
-  "sphinx-autodoc-typehints",
-  "myst-parser",
-  "pelfy>=1.0.7"
+    "sphinx",
+    "pydata_sphinx_theme",
+    "sphinx-autodoc-typehints",
+    "myst-parser",
+    "pelfy>=1.0.8"
 ]
 
 [tool.mypy]

From c31601853b19ffd0f997081227e5564806fdfcd8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 13:31:22 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 21/27] CI: LIBGCC version fixed for thumb builds

---
 tools/crosscompile.sh | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/crosscompile.sh b/tools/crosscompile.sh
index 29a15ca..78a4f2d 100644
--- a/tools/crosscompile.sh
+++ b/tools/crosscompile.sh
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ arm-none-eabi-ld -r $STMP /object_files/musl_objects_armv7.o $LIBGCC -o $DEST/st
 
 # ARMv7 Thumb for Cortex-A with hardware fp
 arm-none-eabi-gcc -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb $FLAGS -$OPT -c $SRC -o $STMP
-LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
+LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -march=armv7 -mfpu=vfp3 -mthumb -print-libgcc-file-name)
 arm-none-eabi-ld -r $STMP /object_files/musl_objects_armv7thumb.o $LIBGCC -o $DEST/stencils_armv7thumb_$OPT.o
 
 # Armv7 Thumb for Cortex-M3..7 hardware fp
 arm-none-eabi-gcc -march=armv7e-m -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb $FLAGS -$OPT -c $SRC -o $STMP
-LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)
+LIBGCC=$(arm-none-eabi-gcc -march=armv7e-m -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb -print-libgcc-file-name)
 arm-none-eabi-ld -r $STMP /object_files/musl_objects_armv7mthumb.o $LIBGCC -o $DEST/stencils_armv7mthumb_$OPT.o
 
 # PowerPC64LE

From 0212fa77a3d5f1b94db27d35fedd15aa601a7a25 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 14:25:50 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 22/27] type annotation for data_writer.copy() fixed

---
 src/copapy/_binwrite.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/copapy/_binwrite.py b/src/copapy/_binwrite.py
index 1af2ee3..db1f15f 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_binwrite.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_binwrite.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class data_writer():
         self._data: list[tuple[str, bytes, int]] = []
         self.byteorder: ByteOrder = byteorder
 
-    def copy(self):
+    def copy(self) -> 'data_writer':
         cp = data_writer(self.byteorder)
         cp._data = self._data.copy()
         return cp

From b7d5f3a1297bd9812138066d64d18f6224054670 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 14:47:53 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 23/27] exclude non-stencil functions in the test
 "test_start_end_function"

---
 tests/test_stencil_db.py | 13 ++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_stencil_db.py b/tests/test_stencil_db.py
index 0ef40e4..7e762bd 100644
--- a/tests/test_stencil_db.py
+++ b/tests/test_stencil_db.py
@@ -19,11 +19,18 @@ def test_start_end_function():
 
         if symbol.relocations and symbol.relocations[-1].symbol.info == 'STT_NOTYPE':
 
-            print('-', sym_name, get_stencil_position(symbol), len(symbol.data))
+            if symbol.section and symbol.section.name == '.text':
+                print('SKIP', sym_name, '(Aux function, not a stencil)')
+                continue
 
-            start, end = get_stencil_position(symbol)
+            if symbol.section:
+                function_size = symbol.section.fields['sh_size']  # len(symbol.data) excludes nop after the function
 
-            assert start >= 0 and end >= start and end <= len(symbol.data)
+                print('-', sym_name, get_stencil_position(symbol), function_size)
+
+                start, end = get_stencil_position(symbol)
+
+                assert (start >= 0 and end >= start and end <= function_size)
 
 
 def test_aux_functions():

From c6fd69d61b112878d57b87bfb4022f0300fc5b65 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 15:34:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 24/27] CI: different armv7 variates separated

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 80 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 tools/build.sh           |  7 +++-
 2 files changed, 80 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index e1c3203..1cd9751 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -211,13 +211,13 @@ jobs:
         docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm/v7 ghcr.io/nonannet/armv7_test:1 \
         bash -lc "pip install .[mindev] && \
                   mkdir -p build/runner && \
-                  gcc -O3 -static -DENABLE_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
+                  gcc  -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -marm -static \
+                  -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \
+                  -Wshadow -Wstrict-overflow -O3 \
+                  -DENABLE_LOGGING \
+                  -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
                   src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c && \
                   pytest && \
-                  export CP_TARGET_ARCH=armv7thumb && \
-                  pytest && \
-                  export CP_TARGET_ARCH=armv7mthumb && \
-                  pytest && \
                   bash tools/create_asm.sh"
 
     - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
@@ -225,6 +225,74 @@ jobs:
         name: runner-linux-armv7
         path: build/runner/*
 
+  build-armv7thumb:
+    needs: [build_stencils]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    continue-on-error: true
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        name: stencil-object-files
+        path: src/copapy/obj
+    - name: Set up QEMU for ARMv7
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      with:
+        platforms: linux/arm/v7
+    - name: Use ARMv7 container
+      run: |
+        docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm/v7 ghcr.io/nonannet/armv7_test:1 \
+        bash -lc "pip install .[mindev] && \
+                  mkdir -p build/runner && \
+                  gcc -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -marm -static \
+                  -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \
+                  -Wshadow -Wstrict-overflow -O3 \
+                  -DENABLE_LOGGING \
+                  -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
+                  src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c && \
+                  export CP_TARGET_ARCH=armv7thumb && \
+                  pytest && \
+                  bash tools/create_asm.sh"
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        name: runner-linux-armv7thumb
+        path: build/runner/*
+
+  build-armv7mthumb:
+    needs: [build_stencils]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    continue-on-error: true
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        name: stencil-object-files
+        path: src/copapy/obj
+    - name: Set up QEMU for ARMv7
+      uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      with:
+        platforms: linux/arm/v7
+    - name: Use ARMv7 container
+      run: |
+        docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm/v7 ghcr.io/nonannet/armv7_test:1 \
+        bash -lc "pip install .[mindev] && \
+                  mkdir -p build/runner && \
+                  gcc -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -marm -static \
+                  -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \
+                  -Wshadow -Wstrict-overflow -O3 \
+                  -DENABLE_LOGGING \
+                  -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
+                  src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c && \
+                  export CP_TARGET_ARCH=armv7mthumb && \
+                  pytest && \
+                  bash tools/create_asm.sh"
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        name: runner-linux-armv7mthumb
+        path: build/runner/*
+
   build-windows:
     needs: [build_stencils]
     runs-on: windows-latest
@@ -307,6 +375,8 @@ jobs:
           cp tmp/runner-linux-arm64/coparun release/coparun-aarch64
           cp tmp/runner-linux-armv6/coparun release/coparun-armv6
           cp tmp/runner-linux-armv7/coparun release/coparun-armv7
+          cp tmp/runner-linux-armv7thumb/coparun release/coparun-armv7thumb
+          cp tmp/runner-linux-armv7mthumb/coparun release/coparun-armv7mthumb
           cp tmp/runner-win/coparun*.exe release/
 
           TAG="${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}"
diff --git a/tools/build.sh b/tools/build.sh
index 28679fd..4686e3d 100644
--- a/tools/build.sh
+++ b/tools/build.sh
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
         $DEST/stencils_armv7_O3.o \
         > build/stencils/stencils_armv7_O3.asm
 
+    # The same runner for all ARM7
     arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
         -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -marm -static \
         -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \
@@ -161,8 +162,9 @@ if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7-thumb" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
         $DEST/stencils_armv7thumb_O3.o \
         > build/stencils/stencils_armv7thumb_O3.asm
 
+    # The same runner for all ARM7
     arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
-        -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb -static \
+        -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -static \
         -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \
         -Wshadow -Wstrict-overflow -O3 \
         -DENABLE_LOGGING \
@@ -194,8 +196,9 @@ if [[ "$ARCH" == "arm-v7m-thumb" || "$ARCH" == "all" ]]; then
         $DEST/stencils_armv7mthumb_O3.o \
         > build/stencils/stencils_armv7mthumb_O3.asm
 
+    # The same runner for all ARM7
     arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc \
-        -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb -static \
+        -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -static \
         -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \
         -Wshadow -Wstrict-overflow -O3 \
         -DENABLE_LOGGING \

From e48fc7c485d416b2566fcb10d1badf02fcd11b83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 16:09:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 25/27] test for arm thumb variants split into two tests

---
 tests/test_ops_armv7mthumb.py | 174 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/test_ops_armv7thumb.py  |  10 +-
 2 files changed, 179 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/test_ops_armv7mthumb.py

diff --git a/tests/test_ops_armv7mthumb.py b/tests/test_ops_armv7mthumb.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16058d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ops_armv7mthumb.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+from copapy import NumLike, iif, value
+from copapy.backend import Store, compile_to_dag, add_read_value_remote
+import subprocess
+from copapy import _binwrite
+import copapy.backend as backend
+import os
+import warnings
+import re
+import struct
+import pytest
+import copapy as cp
+
+if os.name == 'nt':
+    # On Windows wsl and qemu-user is required:
+    # sudo apt install qemu-user
+    qemu_command = ['wsl', 'qemu-arm']
+else:
+    qemu_command = ['qemu-arm']
+
+
+def parse_results(log_text: str) -> dict[int, bytes]:
+    regex = r"^READ_DATA offs=(\d*) size=(\d*) data=(.*)$"
+    matches = re.finditer(regex, log_text, re.MULTILINE)
+    var_dict: dict[int, bytes] = {}
+
+    for match in matches:
+        value_str: list[str] = match.group(3).strip().split(' ')
+        #print('--', value_str)
+        value = bytes(int(v, base=16) for v in value_str)
+        if len(value) <= 8:
+            var_dict[int(match.group(1))] = value
+
+    return var_dict
+
+
+def run_command(command: list[str]) -> str:
+    result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, encoding='utf8', check=False)
+    assert result.returncode != 11, f"SIGSEGV (segmentation fault)\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    assert result.returncode == 0, f"\n -Error occurred: {result.stderr}\n -Output: {result.stdout}"
+    return result.stdout
+
+
+def check_for_qemu() -> bool:
+    command = qemu_command + ['--version']
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, check=False)
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+    return result.returncode == 0
+
+
+def function1(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 / 4, c1 / -4, c1 // 4, c1 // -4, (c1 * -1) // 4,
+            c1 * 4, c1 * -4,
+            c1 + 4, c1 - 4,
+            c1 > 2, c1 > 100, c1 < 4, c1 < 100]
+
+def function1ex(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 // 4]
+
+
+def function2(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 * 4.44, c1 * -4.44]
+
+
+def function3(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 / 4]
+
+
+def function4(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 == 9, c1 == 4, c1 != 9, c1 != 4]
+
+
+def function5(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 == True, c1 == False, c1 != True, c1 != False, c1 / 2, c1 + 2]
+
+
+def function6(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [c1 == True]
+
+
+def iiftests(c1: NumLike) -> list[NumLike]:
+    return [iif(c1 > 5, 8, 9),
+            iif(c1 < 5, 8.5, 9.5),
+            iif(1 > 5, 3.3, 8.8) + c1,
+            iif(1 < 5, c1 * 3.3, 8.8),
+            iif(c1 < 5, c1 * 3.3, 8.8)]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.runner
+def test_compile():
+    c_i = value(9)
+    c_f = value(1.111)
+    c_b = value(True)
+
+    ret_test = function1(c_i) + function1(c_f) + function2(c_i) + function2(c_f) + function3(c_i) + function4(c_i) + function5(c_b) + [value(9) % 2] + iiftests(c_i) + iiftests(c_f) + [cp.asin(c_i/10)]
+    ret_ref = function1(9) + function1(1.111) + function2(9) + function2(1.111) + function3(9) + function4(9) + function5(True) + [9 % 2] + iiftests(9) + iiftests(1.111) + [cp.asin(9/10)]
+
+    out = [Store(r) for r in ret_test]
+
+    sdb = backend.stencil_db_from_package('armv7mthumb')
+    dw, variables = compile_to_dag(out, sdb)
+
+    #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
+    #dw.write_int(0)
+    #dw.write_int(28)
+
+    du = dw.copy()
+    dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.RUN_PROG)
+    du.write_com(_binwrite.Command.DUMP_CODE)
+
+    for v in ret_test:
+        assert isinstance(v, value)
+        add_read_value_remote(dw, variables, v.net)
+
+    #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
+    #dw.write_int(0)
+    #dw.write_int(28)
+
+    dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
+    du.write_com(_binwrite.Command.END_COM)
+
+    #print('* Data to runner:')
+    #dw.print()
+
+    dw.to_file('build/runner/test-armv7mthumb.copapy')
+    du.to_file('build/runner/test-armv7mthumb-dump.copapy')
+
+    if not check_for_qemu():
+        warnings.warn("qemu-armv7 not found, armv7 test skipped!", UserWarning)
+        return
+    if not os.path.isfile('build/runner/coparun-armv7'):
+        warnings.warn("armv7 runner not found, armv7 test skipped!", UserWarning)
+        return
+
+    print('----- Dump code...')
+    command = qemu_command + ['build/runner/coparun-armv7', 'build/runner/test-armv7mthumb-dump.copapy', 'build/runner/test.copapy-armv7mthumb.bin']
+    result = run_command(command)
+
+    print('----- Run code...')
+    command = qemu_command + ['build/runner/coparun-armv7', 'build/runner/test-armv7mthumb.copapy']
+    result = run_command(command)
+
+
+    print('* Output from runner:\n--')
+    print(result)
+    print('--')
+
+    assert 'Return value: 1' in result
+
+    result_data = parse_results(result)
+
+    for test, ref in zip(ret_test, ret_ref):
+        assert isinstance(test, value)
+        address = variables[test.net][0]
+        data = result_data[address]
+        if test.dtype == 'int':
+            val = int.from_bytes(data, sdb.byteorder, signed=True)
+        elif test.dtype == 'bool':
+            val = bool.from_bytes(data, sdb.byteorder)
+        elif test.dtype == 'float':
+            en = {'little': '<', 'big': '>'}[sdb.byteorder]
+            val = struct.unpack(en + 'f', data)[0]
+            assert isinstance(val, float)
+        else:
+            raise Exception(f"Unknown type: {test.dtype}")
+        print('+', val, ref, test.dtype, f"  addr={address}")
+        for t in (int, float, bool):
+            assert isinstance(val, t) == isinstance(ref, t), f"Result type does not match for {val} and {ref}"
+            assert val == pytest.approx(ref, 1e-5), f"Result does not match: {val} and reference: {ref}"  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_compile()
diff --git a/tests/test_ops_armv7thumb.py b/tests/test_ops_armv7thumb.py
index 983510e..997f1cd 100644
--- a/tests/test_ops_armv7thumb.py
+++ b/tests/test_ops_armv7thumb.py
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def test_compile():
 
     out = [Store(r) for r in ret_test]
 
-    sdb = backend.stencil_db_from_package('armv7mthumb')
+    sdb = backend.stencil_db_from_package('armv7thumb')
     dw, variables = compile_to_dag(out, sdb)
 
     #dw.write_com(_binwrite.Command.READ_DATA)
@@ -129,16 +129,16 @@ def test_compile():
     if not check_for_qemu():
         warnings.warn("qemu-armv7 not found, armv7 test skipped!", UserWarning)
         return
-    if not os.path.isfile('build/runner/coparun-armv7thumb'):
-        warnings.warn("armv7thumb runner not found, armv7thumb test skipped!", UserWarning)
+    if not os.path.isfile('build/runner/coparun-armv7'):
+        warnings.warn("armv7 runner not found, armv7 test skipped!", UserWarning)
         return
 
     print('----- Dump code...')
-    command = qemu_command + ['build/runner/coparun-armv7thumb', 'build/runner/test-armv7thumb-dump.copapy', 'build/runner/test.copapy-armv7thumb.bin']
+    command = qemu_command + ['build/runner/coparun-armv7', 'build/runner/test-armv7thumb-dump.copapy', 'build/runner/test.copapy-armv7thumb.bin']
     result = run_command(command)
 
     print('----- Run code...')
-    command = qemu_command + ['build/runner/coparun-armv7thumb', 'build/runner/test-armv7thumb.copapy']
+    command = qemu_command + ['build/runner/coparun-armv7', 'build/runner/test-armv7thumb.copapy']
     result = run_command(command)
 
 

From 031249241e2894c43d7bb10bd04f0397c28b5438 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 16:56:59 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 26/27] Removed un-required bulk stack allocation and added 4
 Byte alignment check. CI updated.

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml      | 18 ++++++++++--------
 src/copapy/_stencils.py       |  3 +++
 stencils/generate_stencils.py |  4 ++--
 tools/create_asm.sh           |  7 +++++--
 tools/test_example_code.sh    | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
 create mode 100755 tools/test_example_code.sh

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1cd9751..44eabea 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -180,7 +180,8 @@ jobs:
     - name: Use ARMv6 container
       run: |
         docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm/v6 ghcr.io/nonannet/armv6_test:1 \
-        bash -lc "pip install .[mindev] && \
+        bash -lc "set -x && \
+                  pip install .[mindev] && \
                   mkdir -p build/runner && \
                   gcc -O3 -static -DENABLE_LOGGING -o build/runner/coparun src/coparun/runmem.c \
                   src/coparun/coparun.c src/coparun/mem_man.c && \
@@ -209,9 +210,10 @@ jobs:
     - name: Use ARMv7 container
       run: |
         docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm/v7 ghcr.io/nonannet/armv7_test:1 \
-        bash -lc "pip install .[mindev] && \
+        bash -lc "set -x && \
+                  pip install .[mindev] && \
                   mkdir -p build/runner && \
-                  gcc  -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -marm -static \
+                  gcc -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -marm -static \
                   -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \
                   -Wshadow -Wstrict-overflow -O3 \
                   -DENABLE_LOGGING \
@@ -242,7 +244,8 @@ jobs:
     - name: Use ARMv7 container
       run: |
         docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm/v7 ghcr.io/nonannet/armv7_test:1 \
-        bash -lc "pip install .[mindev] && \
+        bash -lc "set -x && \
+                  pip install .[mindev] && \
                   mkdir -p build/runner && \
                   gcc -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -marm -static \
                   -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \
@@ -276,7 +279,8 @@ jobs:
     - name: Use ARMv7 container
       run: |
         docker run --rm -v $PWD:/app -w /app --platform linux/arm/v7 ghcr.io/nonannet/armv7_test:1 \
-        bash -lc "pip install .[mindev] && \
+        bash -lc "set -x && \
+                  pip install .[mindev] && \
                   mkdir -p build/runner && \
                   gcc -march=armv7-a -mfpu=neon-vfpv3 -mfloat-abi=hard -marm -static \
                   -Wall -Wextra -Wconversion -Wsign-conversion \
@@ -342,7 +346,7 @@ jobs:
         path: build/runner/*
 
   release-stencils:
-    needs: [build_stencils, build-ubuntu, build-windows, build-arm64, build-armv6, build-armv7]
+    needs: [build_stencils, build-ubuntu, build-windows, build-arm64, build-armv6, build-armv7, build-armv7thumb, build-armv7mthumb]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.event_name == 'push'
     permissions:
@@ -375,8 +379,6 @@ jobs:
           cp tmp/runner-linux-arm64/coparun release/coparun-aarch64
           cp tmp/runner-linux-armv6/coparun release/coparun-armv6
           cp tmp/runner-linux-armv7/coparun release/coparun-armv7
-          cp tmp/runner-linux-armv7thumb/coparun release/coparun-armv7thumb
-          cp tmp/runner-linux-armv7mthumb/coparun release/coparun-armv7mthumb
           cp tmp/runner-win/coparun*.exe release/
 
           TAG="${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}"
diff --git a/src/copapy/_stencils.py b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
index 001d15d..7ac84e5 100644
--- a/src/copapy/_stencils.py
+++ b/src/copapy/_stencils.py
@@ -343,6 +343,9 @@ class stencil_database():
         elif pr.type.endswith('_ABS32'):
             # R_ARM_ABS32
             # S + A (replaces full 32 bit)
+            assert not patch_offset % 4, 'R_ARM_ABS32 patched data like literals needs to be 4 Byte aligned'
+            # This might be caused by the call in entry_function_shell if not aligned
+
             patch_value = symbol_address + pr.fields['r_addend']
             symbol_type = symbol_type + 0x03  # Relative to data section
 
diff --git a/stencils/generate_stencils.py b/stencils/generate_stencils.py
index 19b0f73..307db55 100644
--- a/stencils/generate_stencils.py
+++ b/stencils/generate_stencils.py
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ def norm_indent(f: Callable[..., str]) -> Callable[..., str]:
 def get_entry_function_shell() -> str:
     return f"""
     {entry_func_prefix}int entry_function_shell(){{
-        volatile char stack_place_holder[{stack_size}];
-        stack_place_holder[0] = 0;
+        //volatile char stack_place_holder[{stack_size}];
+        //stack_place_holder[0] = 0;
         result_int(0);
         return 1;
     }}
diff --git a/tools/create_asm.sh b/tools/create_asm.sh
index ca6e220..202cd66 100644
--- a/tools/create_asm.sh
+++ b/tools/create_asm.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ cparch=$(python3 -c "import copapy; print(copapy._stencils.detect_process_arch()
 # Disassemble stencil object file
 objdump -d -x src/copapy/obj/stencils_${cparch}_O3.o > build/runner/stencils.asm
 
-# Create example code disassembly
 python3 tools/make_example.py
 build/runner/coparun build/runner/test.copapy build/runner/test.copapy.bin
 
@@ -28,6 +27,10 @@ fi
 
 echo "Archtitecture: '$cparch'"
 
-objdump -D -b binary -m $cparch --adjust-vma=0x10000 build/runner/test.copapy.bin > build/runner/example.asm
+if [[ "$cparch" == *"thumb"* ]]; then
+	objdump -D -b binary -marm -M force-thumb --adjust-vma=0x10000 build/runner/test.copapy.bin > build/runner/example.asm
+else
+	objdump -D -b binary -m $cparch --adjust-vma=0x10000 build/runner/test.copapy.bin > build/runner/example.asm
+fi
 
 rm build/runner/test.copapy.bin
diff --git a/tools/test_example_code.sh b/tools/test_example_code.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..7b0c054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/test_example_code.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Build arm-v7 runner and stencils
+bash tools/build.sh arm-v7
+
+# Build arm-v7-thumb stencils
+bash tools/build.sh arm-v7-thumb
+
+# Build arm-v7-thumb example code
+export CP_TARGET_ARCH=armv7thumb
+python3 tools/make_example.py
+build/runner/coparun-armv7 build/runner/test.copapy build/runner/test.copapy.bin
+
+arm-none-eabi-objdump -D -b binary -marm -M force-thumb --adjust-vma=0x1000000 build/runner/test.copapy.bin > build/runner/test.copapy-example-armv7thumb.asm
+
+# Build arm-v7-thumb example code
+export CP_TARGET_ARCH=armv7
+python3 tools/make_example.py
+build/runner/coparun-armv7 build/runner/test.copapy build/runner/test.copapy.bin
+
+arm-none-eabi-objdump -D -b binary -marm --adjust-vma=0x1000000 build/runner/test.copapy.bin > build/runner/test.copapy-example-armv7.asm
\ No newline at end of file

From 01f02cc9ba21e0057cc58d8af7e4af5508f88724 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicolas <Nicolas@nonan.net>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 15:16:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 27/27] Readme updated

---
 README.md | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 0df2f75..d7780ca 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ The main features can be summarized as:
 - Memory and type safety with a minimal set of runtime errors
 - Deterministic execution
 - Automatic differentiation for efficient realtime optimization (reverse-mode)
-- Optimized machine code for x86_64, ARMv6, ARMv7 and AArch64
+- Optimized machine code for x86_64, 32 Bit ARM (Cortex-A and Cortex-M) and AArch64
 - Highly portable to new architectures
 - Small Python package with minimal dependencies and no cross-compile toolchain required
 
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ While hardware I/O is obviously a core aspect of the project, it is not yet avai
 
 Currently in development:
 - Array stencils for handling very large arrays and generating SIMD-optimized code - e.g., for machine vision and neural network applications
-- Support for Thumb instructions required by ARM*-M targets (for MCUs)
 - Constant regrouping for further symbolic optimization of the computation graph
 
 Despite missing SIMD-optimization, benchmark performance shows promising numbers. The following chart plots the results in comparison to NumPy 2.3.5:
@@ -253,4 +252,4 @@ This project is licensed under the MIT license - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file
 
 [^2]: The compiler must support tail-call optimization (TCO). Currently, GCC is supported. Porting to a new architecture requires implementing a subset of relocation types used by that architecture.
 
-[^3]: Supported architectures: x86_64, AArch64, ARMv6 and 7 (non-Thumb). ARMv6/7-M (Thumb) support is in development. Code for x86 32-bit exists but has unresolved issues and a low priority.
+[^3]: Supported architectures: x86_64, AArch64, ARMv6/7 (non-Thumb) and ARMv7 Thumb for Cortex-A and Cortex-M. Code for x86 32-bit exists but has unresolved issues and a low priority.